list 15 countries when and how they became republic. plz plz plz its urgent
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- Netherlands July 26, 1581 The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands declared its independence from King Philip II of Spain on 26 July 1581 with the Act of Abjuration, and became the Batavian Republic in 1795. The Kingdom of Holland was formed on 5 June 1806.
- Switzerland October 24, 1648 Switzerland became independent from the Holy Roman Empire by the Treaty of Westphalia
- England May 19, 1649 The Commonwealth of England, later known as the Protectorate, was established on 19 May 1649 following the execution of King Charles I. At its height, it ruled over all the British Isles. The monarchy was restored on 29 May 1660.
- United States July 4, 1776 Went de facto independent from Great Britain with adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence
- Paraguay May 15, 1811 Independence from Spain[dubious – discuss]
- Argentina July 9, 1816 Independence won from the Spanish Empire. Republican governments established from 1811 onwards. Republican constitutions of 1819 and 1826 led to the adoption of the 1853 text
- Chile February 12, 1818 Independence declared from the Spanish Empire. Between 1810 and 1814 there were Republican governments although nominally remained loyal to the Spanish monarchy. In 1817 there was re-established the independentist government and established a republican system in different constitutional texts.
- Venezuela August 15, 1819 Venezuelan constitution of 1819 adopted
- Colombia December 17, 1819 Republic of Colombia declared during Congress of AngosturaPanama
- Ecuador May 24, 1822 Incorporated into Republic of Colombia, end of Royal Audiencia of Quito
- Costa Rica July 1, 1823 Independence of United Provinces of Central America
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