List any five technological and institutional reforms initiated to improve the standard of agriculture in India.
Answers
The technological and institutional reforms made in the
field of agriculture are :
(a) Land reforms : Collectivization, consolidation of
holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.
(b) Agricultural
reforms : Green Revolution and White Revolution.
(c) Land development
programmes : Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone etc.,
establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing
loans.
(d) Issuing of Kisan
Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.
(e) Special weather
bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.
Answer:
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India’s population.
Agriculture is the backbone of india.
70% of indian Rural areas are depend on Agricultural activities..
Explanation:
Agriculture has been practised in India for
thousands of years.
Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development.
Inspite of development of sources of irrigation most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture.
For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge.
Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. ‘Land reform’ was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan.
The right of inheritance had already lead to
fragmentation of land holdings necessitating
consolidation of holdings.
The laws of land reforms were enacted but
the implementation was lacking or lukewarm.
The Government of India embarked upon
introducing agricultural reforms to improve
Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s.
The Green Revolution based on the use of
package technology and the White Revolution
(Operation Flood) were some of the strategies
initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture.
But, this too led to the concentration of
development in few selected areas.
Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which
included both institutional and technical
reforms. Provision for crop insurance against
drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease,
establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative
societies and banks for providing loan facilities
to the farmers at lower rates of interest were
some important steps in this direction.
Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident
Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other
schemes introduced by the Government of India
for the benefit of the farmers.
Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
The government also announces
minimum support price, remunerative and
procurement prices for important crops to check
the exploitation of farmers by speculators and
middlemen.
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