list down 5 deficiency diseases and note down its symptoms, Preventive measures
Answers
Answer:
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Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A is a group of nutrients crucial for eye health and functioning and reproductive health in men and women. It also plays a part in strengthening the immune system against infections.
Symptoms
a lack of vitamin A is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. Pregnant women deficient in vitamin A have higher maternal mortality rates as well.
Preventive measures
Beta carotene is a nutrient that functions as an antioxidant. It’s found in red, orange, yellow, and dark green produce. Beta carotene can be converted to vitamin A in the body when needed.
These include:
milk
eggs
green vegetables, such as kale, broccoli, and spinach
orange vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin
reddish-yellow fruits, such as hmm apricots, papaya, peaches, and tomatoes.
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Thiamine (vitamin B-1)
deficiency
Another common nutritional deficiency occurs with thiamine, also known as vitamin B-1. Thiamine is an important part of your nervous system. It also helps your body turn carbohydrates into energy as part of your metabolism.
A lack of thiamine can result in:
weight loss
fatigue
confusion
short-term memory loss
Thiamine deficiency can also lead to nerve and muscle damage and can affect the heart.
symptoms
good sources of thiamine include:
eggs
legumes
nuts
seeds
wheat germ
pork
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Niacin (vitamin B-3) deficiency
Niacin is another mineral that helps the body convert food into energy. It’s also known as vitamin B-3.
Symptoms
A severe deficiency in niacin is often referred to as pellagra.
Symptoms of pellagra include diarrhea, dementia, and skin disorders. You can usually treat it with a balanced diet and vitamin B-3 supplements.
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Folate (vitamin B-9) deficiency
Vitamin B-9 helps the body create red blood cells and produce DNA. It’s often referred to as folate. Folate also helps brain development and nervous system functioning. Folic acid is the synthetic form found in supplements or fortified foods.
Symptoms
Folate deficiency can lead to severe birth defects, growth problems, or anemia.
prevention
beans and lentils
citrus fruits
leafy green vegetables
asparagus
meats, such as poultry and pork
shellfish
fortified grain products
whole grains
While beans can provide a great amount of folate, the folate content in canned beans is about half of what cooked, dried beans offer.
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Cobalamin (vitamin B-12) deficiency
Vitamin B-12 is a B vitamin that’s responsible for assisting the body in making enough healthy red blood cells. Deficiency in this vitamin is common among people who-
are vegans
have had gastric surgery
are over 60 years old
have diabetes and take metformin (Glucophage)
have a long history of antacid use
lack intrinsic factor
symptoms
A deficiency in this vitamin may cause pernicious anemia. This is a type of anemia caused by a decreased ability to absorb B-12 efficiently. Pernicious anemia is more common in people with autoimmune disorders and inflammatory or digestive diseases.
Symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency include:
fatigue and weakness in extremities
dizziness
shortness of breath
weight loss
nausea or poor appetite
sore, red, or swollen tongue
pale or yellowish skin
Left untreated for too long, vitamin B-12 deficiency may cause irreversible damage to the nervous system.
More severe symptoms include:
difficulty walking
muscle weakness
irritability
dementia
depression
memory loss
Your doctor can order a variety of blood tests to check for vitamin B-12 deficiency. Blood tests can check for:
Treatment may be provided in a variety of ways, including:
increasing vitamin B-12 sources in the diet
taking vitamin B-12 supplements
receiving vitamin B-12 injections
blood transfusions
Vitamin B-12 is commonly found in red meat and animal products. Vegetarian sources include fortified plant-based milks and nutritional yeast.
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