list five ways in which viruses ,Protozoa and bacteria are harmful to us
Answers
Answer:
It is important to remember that:
A pathogen is a micro-organism that has the potential to cause disease.
An infection is the invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microbes in an individual or population.
Disease is when the infection causes damage to the individual’s vital functions or systems.
An infection does not always result in disease!
To cause an infection, microbes must enter our bodies. The site at which they enter is known as the portal of entry.
Microbes can enter the body through the four sites listed below:
Respiratory tract (mouth and nose) e.g. influenza virus which causes the flu.
Gastrointestinal tract (mouth oral cavity) e.g. Vibrio cholerae which causes cholera.
Urogenital tract e.g. Escherichia coli which causes cystitis.
Breaks in the skin surface e.g. Clostridium tetani which causes tetanus.
To make us ill microbes have to:
1.reach their target site in the body;
2.attach to the target site they are trying to infect so that they are not dislodged;
3.multiply rapidly;
4.obtain their nutrients from the host;
5.avoid and survive attack by the host’s immune system.
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Answer:
Explanation:
What Are Germs?
The term "germs" refers to the microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause disease.
Washing hands well and often is the best way to prevent germs from leading to infections and sickness.
What Are the Types of Germs?
Bacteria
Bacteria (bak-TEER-ee-uh) are tiny, single-celled organisms that get nutrients from their environments. In some cases, that environment is your child or some other living being.
Some bacteria are good for our bodies — they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. Some bacteria are used to make medicines and vaccines.
But bacteria can cause trouble too, as with cavities, urinary tract infections, ear infections, or strep throat. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
Viruses
Viruses are even smaller than bacteria. They aren't even a full cell. They are simply genetic material (DNA or RNA) packaged inside of a protein coating. They need to use another cell's structures to reproduce. This means they can't survive unless they're living inside something else (such as a person, animal, or plant).
Viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells. For example, viruses in infected body fluids left on surfaces like a doorknob or toilet seat can live there for a short time. They'll die quickly unless a live host comes along.
Wen they've moved into someone's body, though, viruses spread easily and can make a person sick. Viruses cause minor sicknesses like colds, common illnesses like the flu, and very serious diseases like smallpox or HIV/AIDS.
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antiviral medicines have been developed against a small, select group of viruses.
Fungi
Fungi (FUN-guy) are multicelled, plant-like organisms. A fungus gets nutrition from plants, food, and animals in damp, warm environments.
Many fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and yeast infections, are not dangerous in a healthy person. People with weak immune systems (from diseases like HIV or cancer), though, may get more serious fungal infections.
Protozoa
Protozoa (pro-toe-ZO-uh) are one-celled organisms, like bacteria. But they are bigger than bacteria and contain a nucleus and other cell structures, making them more like plant and animal cells.
Protozoa love moisture. So intestinal infections and other diseases they cause, like amebiasis and giardiasis, often spread through contaminated water. Some protozoa are parasites. This means they need to live on or in another organism (like an animal or plant) to survive. For example, the protozoa that causes malaria grows inside red blood cells, eventually destroying them. Some protozoa are encapsulated in cysts, which help them live outside the human body and in harsh environments for long periods of tim