List of resources that are deficient in the state of Odisha
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Geology and Mineral Resources of Orissa
Orissa, situated on the eastern seaboard of India is one of the gifted parts of the
world, where a gamut of mineral resources exist in bounty. The state is endowed with
large reserves of bauxite, chinaclay, chromite, coal, dolomite, fireclay, graphite,
gemstones, iron ore, limestone, manganese ore, mineral sand, nickel ore, pyrophylite
and quartz. Recent discovery of diamond in the Dharambandha area of Nuapada district
by the State Directorate of Geology has added a coloured feather in the cap of the state.
Other minerals of the state include copper ore, lead ore, titanium bearing vanadiferous
magnetite, talc/ soap stone and high magnesia igneous rocks. Recent boom of the
mineral industry has turned the state into a hotspot, with entrepreneurs from all over
the world crowding for their share of fortune.
The rich mineral wealth of the state is attributed to its favourable geological
setup. Situated on the eastern fringe of the peninsular India, Orissa has about 72.5% of
the area occupied by Precambrian metamorphic rocks (of Archaean and Proterozoic
age) which host the majority of the minerals. The Gondwanas hosting the coal
resources occur over about 8% of the land mass. The Tertiary and Quaternary
formations, occupying rest of the area, provide avenues for aluminous/ nickeliferous
laterite and heavy minerals (in beach sand).
The Archaean rocks in northern Orissa include the Supracrustal belts of
metasedimentary rocks including Iron Ore Super Group having deposits of iron,
manganese, gold and basemetals. These are also represented by the gneisses, granite,
migmatite (Singhbhum, Bonai and Mayurbhanj Plutons) and mafic/ ultramafic intrusives.
These intrusives are associated with the chromite, titaniferous vanadiferous magnetite
and PGM. The Bastar cratonic complex of Archaean age in the Western Orissa includes
gneisses, granite, migmatite and Strontium-Tantalum-Niobium bearing pegmatites.
Proterozoic rocks in the western Orissa exhibit platformal sedimentary
formations and associated limestone deposits. In north-western Orissa they contain
metasediments of low to medium metamorphic grade classified as the Gangpur Group,
which host manganese, limestone and Lead-Zinc deposits. In central and southern
Orissa, the Proterozoics are represented by the Easternghats granulite belt comprisingof khondalite, charnockite, migmatite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks accounting for the
mineralisation of bauxite, manganese, graphite and gemstones.
The Mesozoic rocks of Gondwana Super Group host the major coal resources of
the state.
Formations of Cenozoic age occupy the eastern coastal plains in form of alluvial
sediments, ash beds and low level laterite, providing avenues for occurrence of beach
sand minerals and building materials. The deltaic fans extending into offshore regions
play hosts for oil and gas.
Orissa has a lion’s share of the Country’s mineral reserves. The chromite, nickel,
bauxite, iron ore and coal resources of the state respectively stand at a staggering 83,
92, 55, 38 and 26 percent of India’s total reserves. Some of these minerals also account
for a visible spot in the world’s mineral map. The state’s mining revenue during 2009-10
amounted to Rs.2020.71 crore.
Several mineral based industries have already come up in the state. The major
ones include Rourkela Steel Plant, Alumina refinery and smelter of Nalco at Damanjodi
and Anugul, Charge chrome plants at Baminipal, Bhadrak, Choudwar and Theruvali by
OMC, FACOR, ICCL and IMFA respectively, Mineral sand separation unit at Chhatrapur
by IRE. Many cement and sponge iron plants have been set up. Coal based thermal
power plants have been set up at Talcher, Kanihan and Banaharpali. Captive thermal
power plants have also been set up by NALCO, RSP, ICCL, INDAL etc. and many more are in the pipeline.
Orissa, situated on the eastern seaboard of India is one of the gifted parts of the
world, where a gamut of mineral resources exist in bounty. The state is endowed with
large reserves of bauxite, chinaclay, chromite, coal, dolomite, fireclay, graphite,
gemstones, iron ore, limestone, manganese ore, mineral sand, nickel ore, pyrophylite
and quartz. Recent discovery of diamond in the Dharambandha area of Nuapada district
by the State Directorate of Geology has added a coloured feather in the cap of the state.
Other minerals of the state include copper ore, lead ore, titanium bearing vanadiferous
magnetite, talc/ soap stone and high magnesia igneous rocks. Recent boom of the
mineral industry has turned the state into a hotspot, with entrepreneurs from all over
the world crowding for their share of fortune.
The rich mineral wealth of the state is attributed to its favourable geological
setup. Situated on the eastern fringe of the peninsular India, Orissa has about 72.5% of
the area occupied by Precambrian metamorphic rocks (of Archaean and Proterozoic
age) which host the majority of the minerals. The Gondwanas hosting the coal
resources occur over about 8% of the land mass. The Tertiary and Quaternary
formations, occupying rest of the area, provide avenues for aluminous/ nickeliferous
laterite and heavy minerals (in beach sand).
The Archaean rocks in northern Orissa include the Supracrustal belts of
metasedimentary rocks including Iron Ore Super Group having deposits of iron,
manganese, gold and basemetals. These are also represented by the gneisses, granite,
migmatite (Singhbhum, Bonai and Mayurbhanj Plutons) and mafic/ ultramafic intrusives.
These intrusives are associated with the chromite, titaniferous vanadiferous magnetite
and PGM. The Bastar cratonic complex of Archaean age in the Western Orissa includes
gneisses, granite, migmatite and Strontium-Tantalum-Niobium bearing pegmatites.
Proterozoic rocks in the western Orissa exhibit platformal sedimentary
formations and associated limestone deposits. In north-western Orissa they contain
metasediments of low to medium metamorphic grade classified as the Gangpur Group,
which host manganese, limestone and Lead-Zinc deposits. In central and southern
Orissa, the Proterozoics are represented by the Easternghats granulite belt comprisingof khondalite, charnockite, migmatite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks accounting for the
mineralisation of bauxite, manganese, graphite and gemstones.
The Mesozoic rocks of Gondwana Super Group host the major coal resources of
the state.
Formations of Cenozoic age occupy the eastern coastal plains in form of alluvial
sediments, ash beds and low level laterite, providing avenues for occurrence of beach
sand minerals and building materials. The deltaic fans extending into offshore regions
play hosts for oil and gas.
Orissa has a lion’s share of the Country’s mineral reserves. The chromite, nickel,
bauxite, iron ore and coal resources of the state respectively stand at a staggering 83,
92, 55, 38 and 26 percent of India’s total reserves. Some of these minerals also account
for a visible spot in the world’s mineral map. The state’s mining revenue during 2009-10
amounted to Rs.2020.71 crore.
Several mineral based industries have already come up in the state. The major
ones include Rourkela Steel Plant, Alumina refinery and smelter of Nalco at Damanjodi
and Anugul, Charge chrome plants at Baminipal, Bhadrak, Choudwar and Theruvali by
OMC, FACOR, ICCL and IMFA respectively, Mineral sand separation unit at Chhatrapur
by IRE. Many cement and sponge iron plants have been set up. Coal based thermal
power plants have been set up at Talcher, Kanihan and Banaharpali. Captive thermal
power plants have also been set up by NALCO, RSP, ICCL, INDAL etc. and many more are in the pipeline.
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