list the policies framed by government for welfare of senior citizens in hungary
Answers
According to the regulations of Act LXXX of 1997 on the insurance obligation and the payment of contribution covering social insurance benefits, the following persons are entitled to health care services: persons receiving pension on their own right; recipients of survivors' pension, rehabilitations annuity, benefit ...
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Information on specific cases of elderly who have been abused in Hungary and whether state protection exists for elderly persons abused by their own children could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. However, the following general information on state protection of the elderly in Hungary may be useful.
In the period 2004-2005, the Hungarian government will draft a bill on the elderly, defining the obligations of the state towards the elderly (MTI 16 Jan. 2003).
The Hungarian Criminal Code, which was last amended in 2000, provides a section on battery, which begins as follows:
A person who injures the bodily integrity or health of another person, if the injury or illness heals within eight days, commits the misdemeanor of simple battery, and shall be punishable with imprisonment of up to two years, labor in the public interest, or a fine
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If the battery is committed for a base reason or purpose, and if committed against a person defenseless or unable to express his will, the punishment shall be for a felony imprisonment of up to three years for simple battery, and imprisonment of one to five years in case of aggravated battery (Hungary 1978, Sec. 170).
The criminal code also has a section on failure to provide care, which states that
the person who fails to perform his obligation of care vis [à] vis a person who cannot care for himself due to his condition or old age, and endangers thereby the life, corporeal integrity or health of the person reduced to care, commits a felony, and shall be punishable with imprisonment of up to three years (ibid., Sec. 173).
No information on convictions under the legislation pertaining to abuse of the elderly could be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate.
The Parliamentary Commissioners' Office (Ombudsman) of Hungary manages complaints about the violation of constitutional rights by state authorities and according to a list of their activities, as described on their Website, the Office does not provide protection to victims of abuse in Hungary (Hungary n.d.b).
References to various organizations dealing with the elderly such as the Elderly People's Council, (Senior Citizens' Council, Council of Issues of the Elderly, Elderly Affairs Council), Council on Aging and the National Federation of Hungarian Pensioners were made in certain sources used in preparation for this Response (UN 8-12 Apr. 2004; Europa 25 Mar. 2003, 26; MTI 16 Mar. 2004; ibid. 16 Jan. 2003; ibid. 17 Dec. 2003). However, attempts by the Research Directorate to contact and locate these bodies within time constraints were unsuccessful. The Website "Silver Age," an Internet portal for the elderly in Hungary, was due to be launched in June 2003, but it also could not be located during the course of research for this Response (MTI 28 Feb. 2003).
No information on non-governmental organizations in Hungary that provide protection to elderly persons who have been abused could be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate. As of April 2004, Soros Foundation Hungary had developed and was supporting programs to help a number of "marginalized groups" including pensioners, but no description of these programs was provided on the Soros Foundation Website (Soros Foundation 2004).
Social Assistance for the Elderly
As of January 2004, 21 per cent of the population of Hungary was over 60 years of age (Hungary 2004). The official retirement age for women in Hungary is 58 years, while for men it is 62 (ibid. n.d.a). Of those who have reached the official retirement age, 61 per cent live alone (EDE 2001). Elderly female pensioners living alone are among the poorest socioeconomic groups in Hungary (World Bank 31 May 1996; Business Hungary Sep. 2003; Country Reports 2003 25 Feb. 2004).
Five aspects comprise the social protection system in Hungary: pensions, the family support system, health care, unemployment insurance and the social assistance system (Europa Jan. 2003, 17). The 1992 Social Act governs this social protection system and although a copy