Question

List three divisions of plants which are referred to as vascular plants. Out of these, which division is further classified on the basis of number of cotyledons? State its two characteristics.

Answer 1

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DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OF KINGDOM PLANTAE :

➡DIVISION BRYOPHYTA
▪ Plant body is gametophhytic.

▪Plant body is either thallose and / or folliose. However , real stem and leaves are always absent .

▪The sex organs ,are multicellular.

▪An embryo is formed upon fertilisation.

▪Bryophtes are non - vascular in nature .

▪For example : Roccia, Funaria , Barbula ,Anthoceros ,etc.

➡DIVISION PTERIODOPHYTES :

▪Plant body is sporophytic.

▪Real stem and leaves are present.

▪Fixation of plant body is carried out by roots.

▪Pteriodophytes are vascular plants.

▪They are found mainly in shady or damp places .

▪Fertilised egg develops into embryo.

▪Sex organs are multicellular and jacketed by sterile cells.

▪For example : Marsilea , Azolla , Pteris, Pteridium ,etc.

➡DIVISION GYMNOSPERMAE :

▪They are most primitive and simple seed plant .

▪Endosperm cells are haploid.

▪The seeds are naked.

▪Vascular tissues such as xylem lacks vessels and phloem lacks companion cells.

▪The ovules are not contained within an ovary.

▪For example : cycas ,cedrus , Pinus , Ginkgo,etc.

➡ Division Angiospermae is further classified on the basis of number of cotyledons.

▶Characteristics of Angiospermae

▪Sporophylls are aggregated to form flowers.

▪The seeds are enclosed by a fruit wall.

▪The ovules are enclosed within an ovary.

▪Endosperm cells are triploid.

▪For example : Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon.

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