long answer on industrial melanism
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Explanation:
Many animals have a body colour that allows them to blend in with their background. Examples of this include moths with speckled wings that camouflage them when resting on lichens. This is known as Industrial melanism.
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Industrial melanism is an evolutionary effect prominent in several arthropods, where dark pigmentation (melanism) has evolved in an environment affected by industrial pollution, including sulphur dioxide gas and dark soot deposits. Sulphur dioxide kills lichens, leaving tree bark bare where in clean areas it is boldly patterned, while soot darkens bark and other surfaces.
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