Question

(Long Answer Question)
1. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815. Explain with examples.ñ​

Answer 1

Answer:

During the years following 1815, the fear od repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.

As the conservative regimes tried to consolidate their power, liberalism and nationalism came to be increasingly associated with revolutions in many regions of Europe such as the Italian and German states, the provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland. These revolutions were led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the educated middle-class elite, among whom were professors, school-teachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle classes.

To be revolutionary at that time meant a commitment to oppose monarchial forms that had been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom. Most of these revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle.

For achieving this many secret societies and underground groups wer formed. For e.g.: Giuseppe Mazzini formed the secret societies of the 'Young Italy' in Marseilles and the 'Young Europe' in Berne.

Answer 2

(¡) After 1815, many liberal nationalists went underground for the fear of repression like Giuseppe mazzini, an Italian revolutionary who founded two underground societies ;first young Italy in Marseilles and then young Europe in berne. Following the footsteps of mazzini, many secret societies were set up in gear, France, swim and Poland.

(¡¡) romanticism is a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular from of nationalist sentiment. The romantics used folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances to popularize the true spirit of the nation. For example, karol kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his operas and music in Poland. He turned folk dances ;like polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.

(¡¡¡) language also played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments. For example ;it was mainly used as a weapon was forced out of school and the Russian language was imposed everywhere in Poland.