long answer type question explain the sub classification of animalia kingdom with example
Answers
Kingdom Animalia constitutes all animals. Amongst the five kingdoms, the largest kingdom is the animal kingdom. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. However, like plants, they do not possess chlorophyll or a cell wall. Therefore, members of the animal kingdom exhibit a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Kingdom Animalia has been classified into ten different subphyla based on their body design or differentiation.
The different phylum of the animal kingdom are as follows:
1. Porifera
- Non-motile, multicellular organisms with the hard outer skeleton.
- Have a porous body.
- Pores on the bodies create a canal system which helps in the circulation of substances.
- Not differentiated into head and tail; do not have a well-developed organ or organ system.
- Include marine habitat.
Ex - Spongilla, Sycon.
2. Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
- Have a hollow body cavity.
- The body is differentiated into two ends.
- Includes all aquatic animals.
- The body is made of two layers of cells: inner and outer linings.
- Live in colonies (corals) as well as solitary (Sea anemone).
Ex - Hydra, Jellyfish.
3. Platyhelminthes
- Dorsoventrally flattened body.
- Complex and have differentiated body structure.
- Tissues are differentiated from three layers of cells and are triploblastic.
- Do not have a true internal cavity or coelom.
- Have bilateral symmetry.
- Either free-living (Planaria) or parasitic (liver flukes).
Ex - Tapeworm, Planaria.
4. Nematoda
- Nematodes have a cylindrical body.
- Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
- Have pseudocoelom, a false body cavity.
- Parasitic and causes diseases such as elephantiasis, ascariasis.
Ex - Ascaris, Wuchereria.
5. Annelida
- Have a segmented cylindrical body.
- The body is differentiated into head and tail.
- Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
- Have a true body cavity.
- Habitat: marine, freshwater, and land.
Ex - Earthworm, Leech.
6. Arthropoda
- They are bilaterally symmetrical.
- Have jointed appendages, exoskeleton, and a segmented body.
- Have well-differentiated organ and organ system.
- Have an open circulatory system, but do not have differentiated blood vessels.
Ex - Spiders, butterflies, and mosquitoes.
7. Mollusca
- Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
- Less segmented body.
- Well-developed organ and organ system.
- Typically, open circulatory system.
- Limbs are present.
Ex - Snails and octopus.
8. Echinodermata
- Radial symmetry and triploblastic.
- Have true coelom.
- Have hard calcium carbonate skeleton structure.
- Free-living marine animals.
Ex - Sea urchins, starfish.
9. Hemichordata
- The body is soft, fragile, and divided into a proboscis.
- The epidermis is single-layered.
- It comprises worm-like marine animals with an organ-system level of organization.
- They have an open circulatory system.
- They respire through gills since they are marine.
- They have separate sexes and external fertilization is seen.
- Development is direct.
10. Chordata
- They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic with an organ-system level of classification.
- They possess a notochord and a nerve cord.
- The circulatory system is closed type.