Loss of mitochondria means full transport of glucose in blood plasma.
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Answers
The mitochondrion performs most cellular oxidations and produces the bulk of the animal cell's ATP. The mitochondrial matrix contains a large variety of enzymes, including those that convert pyruvate and fatty acids to acetyl CoA and those that oxidize this acetyl CoA to CO2through the citric acid cycle. Large amounts of NADH (and FADH2) are produced by these oxidation reactions.
The energy available from combining molecular oxygen with the reactive electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 is harnessed by an electron-transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane called the respiratory chain. The respiratory chain pumps H+ out of the matrix to create a transmembrane electrochemical proton (H+) gradient, which includes contributions from both a membrane potential and a pH difference. The large amount of free energy released when H+ flows back into the matrix (across the inner membrane) provides the basis for ATP production in the matrix by a remarkable protein machine—the ATP synthase. The transmembrane electrochemical gradient is also used to drive the active transport of selected metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane, including an efficient ATP-ADP exchange between the mitochondrion and the cytosol that keeps the cell's ATP pool highly charged. The resulting high ratio of ATP to its hydrolysis products makes the free-energy change for ATP hydrolysis extremely favorable, allowing this hydrolysis reaction to drive a large number of the cell's energy-requiring processes.
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