Main causes of French revolution
Answers
#1 Social Inequality in France due to the Estates System.
#2 Tax Burden on the Third Estate.
#3 The Rise of the Bourgeoisie.
#4 Ideas put forward by Enlightenment philosophers.
#5 Financial Crisis caused due to Costly Wars.
#6 Drastic Weather and Poor Harvests in the preceding years.
#7 The Rise in the Cost of Bread.
Explanation:
Main causes of the French Revolution were:
Despotic rule of Louis XVI: He became the ruler of France in 1774 and had drained the financial resources of France in wars. For the cost of his regular extravagant expenses, he increased taxes which were to be paid only by the third estate.
Division of French society: The French society was divided into three estates; first, second and third estates, respectively. Among them, First and Second Estates had 10 per cent of the total population and were the clergy and nobles. They enjoyed all privileges. Rest of the 90 per cent was of the third estate, which paid all kinds of direct or indirect taxes. This kind of discrimination led to the revolution by the third estate.
Rising prices: The population of France had increased which resulted into more demand of food grains. So the price of bread rose rapidly, which the poor could not afford to buy. So the gap between the rich and poor widened.
Inspiration of the philosophers: Philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Montesquieu propagated the ideas of having a society where people would enjoy freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities. Their ideas inspired the people of France to realise their dreams.
Role of middle class: The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups termed as middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding trade of the manufactured goods, being exported. There were other professionals also like lawyers, administrative officials who were all educated. They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth.
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