Main points of the chapter diversity in living organisms
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five kingdom's of classification
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Biodiversity or biological diversitymeans the variety of living organisms present on a particular region. There are about 20 lac organisms known on the Earth which differ from one another in external form, internal structure, mode of nutrition, habitat, etc.
The warm and humid tropical regions of the Earth between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn have a rich diversity of life, i.e. plants, animals, and microorganisms and are called the region of mega biodiversity. India is one of the 12 countries which consist of more than half of the biodiversity of the Earth.
Taxonomy - It is a branch of biology which deals with identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. Carolus Linnaeus is called the father of taxonomy.
Classification
The method of arranging organisms into groups or sets on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Importance of classification:
It makes the study of wide variety of organisms easy and in systematic manner.
It helps to understand how the different organisms have evolved with time.
It helps to understand the inter-relationships among different groups of organisms.
It forms a base for the study of other biological sciences, like biogeography.
Basis of classification:
There are the certain features or properties used for the classification of living organisms which are known as characteristics. Organisms with same characteristics are placed in same groups.
Classification system
1. Two kingdom classifications:Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 classified the living organisms into two groups as plants and animals.
2. Five kingdom classification: H. Whittaker in 1959 further classified the organisms into five kingdoms as Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and kingdom Animalia.
Note - Carl Woese in 1977 further divided kingdom Monera into archaebacteria (or Archae) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria).
Hierarchy of classification
Linnaeus proposed a classification system by arranging organisms into taxonomic groups at different levels according to the characteristics they have. The groups or the levels from top to bottom are:
Kingdom
Phylum(Animals) / Division(Plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genius
Species
Species: A species is a group of living beings which can reproduce among themselves and keep their population alive.
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The warm and humid tropical regions of the Earth between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn have a rich diversity of life, i.e. plants, animals, and microorganisms and are called the region of mega biodiversity. India is one of the 12 countries which consist of more than half of the biodiversity of the Earth.
Taxonomy - It is a branch of biology which deals with identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. Carolus Linnaeus is called the father of taxonomy.
Classification
The method of arranging organisms into groups or sets on the basis of similarities and differences is called classification.
Importance of classification:
It makes the study of wide variety of organisms easy and in systematic manner.
It helps to understand how the different organisms have evolved with time.
It helps to understand the inter-relationships among different groups of organisms.
It forms a base for the study of other biological sciences, like biogeography.
Basis of classification:
There are the certain features or properties used for the classification of living organisms which are known as characteristics. Organisms with same characteristics are placed in same groups.
Classification system
1. Two kingdom classifications:Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 classified the living organisms into two groups as plants and animals.
2. Five kingdom classification: H. Whittaker in 1959 further classified the organisms into five kingdoms as Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and kingdom Animalia.
Note - Carl Woese in 1977 further divided kingdom Monera into archaebacteria (or Archae) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria).
Hierarchy of classification
Linnaeus proposed a classification system by arranging organisms into taxonomic groups at different levels according to the characteristics they have. The groups or the levels from top to bottom are:
Kingdom
Phylum(Animals) / Division(Plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genius
Species
Species: A species is a group of living beings which can reproduce among themselves and keep their population alive.
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