Manganese (Mn) is a typical transition metal. Predict any three physical properties of this metal and with the help of the electron sea model, describe the reason for these properties. predict any three physical properties of Manganese and with the help of the electron sea model
Answers
Answer:
Learning Objective
Predict the oxidation or reduction propensity of a manganese species given its formula or oxidation state.
Key Points
The most common oxidation states of manganese are 2+, 3+, 4+, 6+, and 7+.
The most stable oxidation state for manganese is 2+, which has a pale pink color. It is the state used in living organisms to perform essential functions; other states are toxic to the human body.
Solid compounds of manganese(III) are characterized by their preference for distorted octahedral coordination.
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life.
Terms
oxidation numberThe net sum of the negative, less the positive, charges on an atom.
paramagneticExhibiting paramagnetism (the tendency of magnetic dipoles to align with an external magnetic field).
manganeseA metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25.
Properties of Manganese
Manganese is a silvery-gray metal that resembles iron. It is hard and very brittle, difficult to fuse, but easy to oxidize. Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic.
Oxidation States of Manganese
The most common oxidation states of manganese are 2+, 3+, 4+, 6+, and 7+. Mn2+ often competes with Mg2+ in biological systems. Manganese compounds where manganese is in oxidation state of 7+ are powerful oxidizing agents. Compounds with oxidation states 5+ (blue) and 6+ (green) are strong oxidizing agents.
Mn2+
The most stable oxidation state (oxidation number) for manganese is 2+, which has a pale pink color, and many manganese(II) compounds are common, such as manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4) and manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2). The 2+ oxidation state is the state used in living organisms for essential functions; other states are toxic for the human body. The 2+ oxidation of manganese results from removal of the two 4s electrons, leaving a high spin ion in which all five of the 3d orbitals contain a single electron.
Mn3+
The 3+ oxidation state is seen in compounds like manganese(III) acetate; these are very powerful oxidizing agents. Solid compounds of manganese(III) are characterized by their preference for distorted octahedral coordination and their strong purple-red color.
Other Oxidation States of Manganese
The oxidation state 5+ can be obtained if manganese dioxide is dissolved in molten sodium nitrite. Manganate(VI) salts can also be produced by dissolving Mn compounds, such as manganese dioxide, in molten alkali while exposed to air. Permanganate (7+ oxidation state) compounds are purple and can give glass a violet color. Potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, and barium permanganate are all potent oxidizers. Potassium permanganate finds use as a topical medicine (for example, in the treatment of fish diseases). Solutions of potassium permanganate were among the first stains and fixatives to be used in the preparation of biological cells and tissues for electron microscopy.