Question

Many factors contributed to usher in the spirit of Renaissance, which had far-reaching consequences for the entire world.

Answer 1

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(a) The invention of printing press in the middle of the 15th century in Europe made it possible to produce books in large number e.g. the Bible and other religious and classical books. This brought a new awakening in life and thoughts in Europe.

(b) Decline of Feudalism —

Decline of feudalism in the 13th and 14th centuries provided an impetus to free thinking. The peace and freedom that prevailed after the decline of feudalism favored the growth of New Learning. It led to the new developments in the spheres of art, literature, philosophy and science and contributed to the rise of Renaissance.

(c) Capture of Constantinople —

Constantinople was the capital of the East Roman Empire and was a center of Greek and Roman cultures. It had the valuable manuscripts of the Greek and the Roman writers. But Constantinople fell into the hands of the Turks in 1453. Many Greek and Roman scholars were thus, forced to shift to Rome and other parts of Europe with their manuscripts. Rome then became the center of Greek culture. These scholars were geniuses, men of liberal outlook, humanism and logical thinking. Wherever they went, they spread their new spirit and ideas. In ttys way they revived the interest of the people in the study of Greek philosophy, science, art and literature. The revival of the learning of Greek classics paved the way for the Renaissance.

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Answer 2

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1. The invention of printing press in the middle of the 15th century in Europe made it possible to produce books in large number e.g. the Bible and other religious and classical books. This brought a new awakening in life and thoughts in Europe. 

2. Decline of Feudalism — 

Decline of feudalism in the 13th and 14th centuries provided an impetus to free thinking. The peace and freedom that prevailed after the decline of feudalism favored the growth of New Learning. It led to the new developments in the spheres of art, literature, philosophy and science and contributed to the rise of Renaissance. 


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