Marathas developed an effective administrative system. Justify
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EFFECTIVE ....................1.Shivaji
2.Peshwas and administration
3.Expansion of Maratha Empire
JUSTFICTION...The Maratha kingdom was a powerful kingdom which arose out of a sustained opposition to Mughal rule.
Shivaji (1627-1680): He carved out a stable kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (deshmukhs). The backbone of the Maratha army was the groups of highly mobile, peasant-pastoralists (kunbis). He used these forces to challenge the Mughals in India. After his death, effective power in the Maratha state were wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahamanas who served his successors as Peshwa (or principal minister). Poona became Maratha kingdom’s capita
Shivaji was called the ‘father of the Maratha nation.’ Apart from being a great conqueror he was also a successful administrator too.
He took advise from a council of eight ministers ,who were appointed or could be dismissed by him ,on the matters of the state .The appointment was based on their efficiency. The Peshwa was the first among ministers.
He divided his kingdom into four provinces each of which was the headed by Viceroy. The province was further divided into several districts and villages.
The chief of the village was called Deshpande or Patel who was assisted by Village Panchayat to run the affairs of the village.Each land in every village was measured and a rough idea of the produce was assessed based on which the farmers were asked to pay 40 per cent of their produce as land revenue.
The Ryotwari system was intiated in order to collect the revenue directly from the farmers. They had the option to pay land revenue in cash or kind in installments.
He maintained a regular army who were recruited on the basis of their merit and paid in cash.He came up with the idea of branding the horses and keeping the identification of the soldiers.
The soldiers were trained in the guerilla warfare which wasvery favourable in the geographical location of most territories in Maharashtra. They would make surprise attacks on the enemy, killed or looted it and disappeared into the forest