marketing efficiencies in the trade of forest produce and measures to check the same.
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Answer:
Forest products are the source of significant employment and income in the Asia Pacific Region (see Table 10). Where resources have been relatively abundant, local domestic consumption has frequently been quite low, at least for commercial forest products. Production at a level and scale consistent with resource capacity requires the marketing of products well beyond the local arena, and as illustrated in this review, often in widely diverse international markets. Participation is international markets is uniquely different than serving local needs and traditional end users. The requirements for knowledge and information on global market trends and requirements, pricing, arrangements for credit, product grades and quality, transportation and shipping, and a host of issues arise that can directly affect the economic viability of forest sector operations. As noted, the scale of operations must often expand due to marketing and distributional requirements separate from internal manufacturing considerations. The proper role of government in the promotion and control of trade, by both importer and exporter countries, lead directly to many issues of competitiveness and open trade.
Consumer services and support are frequently cited as being as important or more so than strictly price competitiveness. Assurances of reliability in filling orders, quality control, shipment schedules, settlement of disputes and a host of other business related issues impact marketing and trade decisions. National and international relations at higher levels also shape trade in forest products. Development of regional trade blocs with preferential trade treatment among member countries can often offer advantages and efficiencies in marketing and trade, but can also provide the means for increased trade barriers.
Control of marketing and distribution also raises issues of potential monopoly or non-competitive business practices and/or allegations of subsidy or 'unfair' advantages. Frequent trade disputes between the USA and Canada, for example, revolve around the allocation and marketing of timber under Provincial control in Canada. Development of a substantial wood-based panel industry in Indonesia together with the phase-out of log exports was accompanied by many allegations of unfair competition and monopoly control and subsidies by government.
Explanation: