Question

Mature anther has two chambers due to the disorganization of the wall layers between the
two microsporangia of each anther lobe. When the pollen matures, the anther breaks and
the pollen grains are liberated through the stomium of anther wall. Pollen grains are
liberated in the form of yellow dust for pollination​

Answer 1

Answer & explanation

Anther is the fertile portion of the stamen. It has two similar halves, each half consist of two lobes. Thus, each anther is a four lobed structure. Each anther lobe contains pollen sac or microsporangium. Pollen sac contains pollen grains.

Endothecium is the sub-epidermal fibrous layer of antherwall. Its endothecial cells attain maximum development when the anther is ready to dehisce for releasing pollen. These cells are thin walled along the 'line of dehiscence' of each anther lobe. At maturity, a strain is exerted on the stomium ( the opening where pollen grains are discharged from pollen sac) due to the loss of water from endothecial cells. As a result, stomium ruptures and the anther dehisces for pollination.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers.