Maximum standard EMF will be delivery by the cell consisting of the half cell
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Electromotive Force (EMF)
The electromotive force (EMF) is the maximum potential difference between two electrodes of a galvanic or voltaic cell. This quantity is related to the tendency for an element, a compound or an ion to acquire (i.e. gain) or release (lose) electrons. For example, the maximum potential between Zn and Cu of a well known cell
Zn(s)|Zn2+(1M)||Cu2+(1M)|Cu(s)
has been measured to be 1.100 V. A concentration of 1 M in an ideal solution is defined as the standard condition, and 1.100 V is thus the standard electromotive force, DEo, or standard cell potential for the Zn−Cu galvanic cell.
battery.gif
The standard cell potential, DEo, of a galvanic cell can be evaluated from the standard reduction potentials of the two half cells Eo. The reduction potentials are measured against the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE):
Pt(s)|H2(g,1.0atm)|H+(1.0M) .
Its reduction potential or oxidation potential is defined to be exactly zero.
halfcellshe.gif
The reduction potentials of all other half-cells measured in volts against the SHE are the difference in electrical potential energy per coulomb of charge.
Note that the unit for energy J = Coulomb volt, and the Gibbs free energy G is the product of charge q and potential difference E:
G in J = q E in C V
for electric energy calculations.
Evaluating Standard Cell Potential DE° of Galvanic Cells
A galvanic cell consists of two half-cells. The convention in writing such a cell is to put the (reduction) cathode on the right-hand side, and the (oxidation) anode on the left-hand side. For example, the cell
Pt|H2|H+||Zn2+|Zn
consists of the oxidation and reduction reactions:
H2→2e−+2H+anode (oxidation) reaction
Zn2++2e−→Zncathode (reduction) reaction
If the concentrations of H+ and Zn2+ ions are 1.0 M and the pressure of H2 is 1.0 atm, the voltage difference between the two electrodes would be -0.763 V(the Zn electrode being the negative electrode). The conditions specified above are called the standard conditions and the EMF so obtained is the standard reduction potential.
Note that the above cell is in reverse order compared to that given in many textbooks, but this arrangement gives the standard reduction potentialsdirectly, because the Zn half cell is a reduction half-cell. The negative voltage indicates that the reverse chemical reaction is spontaneous. This corresponds to the fact that Zn metal reacts with an acid to produce H2 gas.
As another example, the cell
Pt|H2|H+||Cu+|Cu
consists of an oxidation and a reduction reaction:
H2→2e−+2H+anode reaction
Cu2++2e−→Cucathode reaction
and the standard cell potential is 0.337 V. The positive potential indicates a spontaneous reaction,
Cu2++H2→Cu+2H+
but the potential is so small that the reaction is too slow to be observed.
Answer:
Electromotive Force (EMF)
The electromotive force (EMF) is the maximum potential difference between two electrodes of a galvanic or voltaic cell. This quantity is related to the tendency for an element, a compound or an ion to acquire (i.e. gain) or release (lose) electrons. For example, the maximum potential between Zn and Cu of a well known cell
Zn(s)|Zn2+(1M)||Cu2+(1M)|Cu(s)
has been measured to be 1.100 V. A concentration of 1 M in an ideal solution is defined as the standard condition, and 1.100 V is thus the standard electromotive force, DEo, or standard cell potential for the Zn−Cu galvanic cell.
battery.gif
The standard cell potential, DEo, of a galvanic cell can be evaluated from the standard reduction potentials of the two half cells Eo. The reduction potentials are measured against the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE):
Pt(s)|H2(g,1.0atm)|H+(1.0M) .
Its reduction potential or oxidation potential is defined to be exactly zero.
halfcellshe.gif
The reduction potentials of all other half-cells measured in volts against the SHE are the difference in electrical potential energy per coulomb of charge.
Note that the unit for energy J = Coulomb volt, and the Gibbs free energy G is the product of charge q and potential difference E:
G in J = q E in C V
for electric energy calculations.
Evaluating Standard Cell Potential DE° of Galvanic Cells
A galvanic cell consists of two half-cells. The convention in writing such a cell is to put the (reduction) cathode on the right-hand side, and the (oxidation) anode on the left-hand side. For example, the cell
Pt|H2|H+||Zn2+|Zn
consists of the oxidation and reduction reactions:
H2→2e−+2H+anode (oxidation) reaction
Zn2++2e−→Zncathode (reduction) reaction
If the concentrations of H+ and Zn2+ ions are 1.0 M and the pressure of H2 is 1.0 atm, the voltage difference between the two electrodes would be -0.763 V(the Zn electrode being the negative electrode). The conditions specified above are called the standard conditions and the EMF so obtained is the standard reduction potential.
Note that the above cell is in reverse order compared to that given in many textbooks, but this arrangement gives the standard reduction potentialsdirectly, because the Zn half cell is a reduction half-cell. The negative voltage indicates that the reverse chemical reaction is spontaneous. This corresponds to the fact that Zn metal reacts with an acid to produce H2 gas.
As another example, the cell
Pt|H2|H+||Cu+|Cu
consists of an oxidation and a reduction reaction:
H2→2e−+2H+anode reaction
Cu2++2e−→Cucathode reaction
and the standard cell potential is 0.337 V. The positive potential indicates a spontaneous reaction,
Cu2++H2→Cu+2H+
but the potential is so small that the reaction is too slow to be observed.