mechanism of anti markovnikor rule?
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Anti-Markovnikov rule describes the regiochemistry where the substituent is bonded to a less substituted carbon, rather than the more substitued carbon. This process is quite unusual, as carboncations which are commonly formed during alkene, or alkyne reactions tend to favor the more substitued carbon.
The chemical basis for Markovnikov's Rule is the formation of the most stable carbocation during the addition process. The addition of the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate.
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The chemical basis for Markovnikov's Rule is the formation of the most stable carbocation during the addition process. The addition of the hydrogen ion to one carbon atom in the alkene creates a positive charge on the other carbon, forming a carbocation intermediate.
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Alkenes belong to the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons, that is, one molecule of alkene contains at least one double bond. Due to the presence of pi electrons, they show addition reactions in which an electrophile attacks the carbon-carbon double bond to form the additional products. When HBr is added to unsymmetrical alkenes in the presence of peroxide, 1-bromopropane is formed contrary to 2-bromopropane (according to Markovnikov’s rule). This reaction is better known as anti-Markovnikov addition or Kharash effect after the name of M. S. Kharash who first observed it. This reaction is also known as Kharash effect or peroxide effect.
anti markovnikov addition
Anti Markovnikov addition is also an example of addition reaction of alkenes which is an exception to the Markovnikov’s rule. It is one of the few reactions following free radical mechanism in organic chemistry in place of electrophilic addition as suggested by Markovnikov. This reaction is observed only with HBr, not with HCl or HI.
Mechanism of Anti Markovnikov addition
Anti Markovnikov addition reaction is found to follow a free radical mechanism. The peroxide compound involved helps in the generation of free radicals. A general mechanism of anti-Markovnikov addition reaction is discussed below:
Generation of free radical through homolytic cleavage of peroxide compound.
Attack of generated free radical on hydrogen halide to form halide radical through hemolysis
Attack of generated halide radical on alkene molecule to form alkyl radical through hemolysis.
Attack of a generated alkyl radical on hydrogen halide to form alkyl halide through homolytic cleavage of hydrogen halide bond.
Anti Markovnikov addition mechanism
anti markovnikov addition
Anti Markovnikov addition is also an example of addition reaction of alkenes which is an exception to the Markovnikov’s rule. It is one of the few reactions following free radical mechanism in organic chemistry in place of electrophilic addition as suggested by Markovnikov. This reaction is observed only with HBr, not with HCl or HI.
Mechanism of Anti Markovnikov addition
Anti Markovnikov addition reaction is found to follow a free radical mechanism. The peroxide compound involved helps in the generation of free radicals. A general mechanism of anti-Markovnikov addition reaction is discussed below:
Generation of free radical through homolytic cleavage of peroxide compound.
Attack of generated free radical on hydrogen halide to form halide radical through hemolysis
Attack of generated halide radical on alkene molecule to form alkyl radical through hemolysis.
Attack of a generated alkyl radical on hydrogen halide to form alkyl halide through homolytic cleavage of hydrogen halide bond.
Anti Markovnikov addition mechanism
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