Mention 2 features of welfare state
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Features of Welfare states
1. Welfare State Is a Positive State
The underlying assumption behind the welfare state is that the state is not a necessary evil, but a desirable institution capable of promoting positive good. Whereas the laissez faire liberalism contended that the government can advance the common interest by leaving the individual alone and through the free and unrestricted play of natural forces, the exponents of welfare state argued that ‘the state could best promote the general welfare by a positive exercise of its powers’. It regarded the democratic state not as an evil force but as an instrument that the people could and should use to further their common interest, to ameliorate the conditions under which they lived and worked, and provide for their health and safety, and to some extent, for their social and economic security.
2. Welfare State is Democratic
The neo-liberals categorically asserted that the welfare state is a democratic state, possessing a certain formal institutional mechanism which is considered essential in liberal democratic society. Any state which may be a welfare state, but is not democratic from the institutional point of view, cannot be regarded a liberal state. The state can be a welfare state only, if it manifests itself through formal democratic institutional attire.
A state which merely undertakes the task of welfare such as guaranteeing a minimum income, elimination of insecurity of the individual and the family crises by supplying ‘social contingencies’ and which also tries to provide a certain range of services to all, but does not provide a democratic institutional framework and political and civil liberties, will not be considered a welfare state. It is on this ground that communist countries as well as fascist states like Germany were excluded from the category of the welfare state. In other words, the term welfare state is used only for the states of those capitalist countries which undertake the positive task of providing welfare services and where the government preserves the formal democratic institutional framework.
3. Welfare State believes in a Mixed Economy
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A welfare state operates within the framework of the market economy i.e. the capitalist mode of production. However, unlike the laissez faire capitalist economy, the welfare state believes that unrestricted operation of the market has proved dangerous for the individual (because it led to poverty, ignorance , illiteracy etc.) as well as for the economy (because it led to booms, depression , crises leading to waste and inefficiency).The welfare state does not want to eliminate the market-based economy, but to streamline it in a manner where it could realize the productive potentialities by preventing crises.
The welfare state believes that poverty, dependencies and economic insecurity are not the consequences of nature and incompetence on the part of the poor, but result from changeable institutions of society. For the first time in history, modern technology has made it possible to banish poverty from the face of earth. The economic and other insecurities are caused by social faces and could be avoided by purposeful social action.
Economic insecurity stems from – a) inadequate compensation, b) disabilities incurred through accident, ill health, old age etc. and c)unemployment. The welfare state believes that these insecurities can be overcome by remodeling the laissez faire economy and by introducing a form of planning to realize these objectives. But planning should be combined with the market economy in various degrees. In other words, it would rectify the evils of the capitalist system by state intervention. It stands for what is now popularly known as ‘mixed economy’ or a ‘managed economy’.
4. Welfare State is a Permanent Institution
The welfare state, positive liberalism maintains, is an eternal and permanent institution of society. The state is also a neutral instrument of power which can be used for any purpose. The state is an arbiter seeking the good of any society impartiality. The ability of the state to provide quantity, quality and the type of welfare depends upon the groups who wield the state power. The personnel of the government could be changed by the will of the people through universal suffrage.
1. Welfare State Is a Positive State
The underlying assumption behind the welfare state is that the state is not a necessary evil, but a desirable institution capable of promoting positive good. Whereas the laissez faire liberalism contended that the government can advance the common interest by leaving the individual alone and through the free and unrestricted play of natural forces, the exponents of welfare state argued that ‘the state could best promote the general welfare by a positive exercise of its powers’. It regarded the democratic state not as an evil force but as an instrument that the people could and should use to further their common interest, to ameliorate the conditions under which they lived and worked, and provide for their health and safety, and to some extent, for their social and economic security.
2. Welfare State is Democratic
The neo-liberals categorically asserted that the welfare state is a democratic state, possessing a certain formal institutional mechanism which is considered essential in liberal democratic society. Any state which may be a welfare state, but is not democratic from the institutional point of view, cannot be regarded a liberal state. The state can be a welfare state only, if it manifests itself through formal democratic institutional attire.
A state which merely undertakes the task of welfare such as guaranteeing a minimum income, elimination of insecurity of the individual and the family crises by supplying ‘social contingencies’ and which also tries to provide a certain range of services to all, but does not provide a democratic institutional framework and political and civil liberties, will not be considered a welfare state. It is on this ground that communist countries as well as fascist states like Germany were excluded from the category of the welfare state. In other words, the term welfare state is used only for the states of those capitalist countries which undertake the positive task of providing welfare services and where the government preserves the formal democratic institutional framework.
3. Welfare State believes in a Mixed Economy
ADVERTISEMENTS:
A welfare state operates within the framework of the market economy i.e. the capitalist mode of production. However, unlike the laissez faire capitalist economy, the welfare state believes that unrestricted operation of the market has proved dangerous for the individual (because it led to poverty, ignorance , illiteracy etc.) as well as for the economy (because it led to booms, depression , crises leading to waste and inefficiency).The welfare state does not want to eliminate the market-based economy, but to streamline it in a manner where it could realize the productive potentialities by preventing crises.
The welfare state believes that poverty, dependencies and economic insecurity are not the consequences of nature and incompetence on the part of the poor, but result from changeable institutions of society. For the first time in history, modern technology has made it possible to banish poverty from the face of earth. The economic and other insecurities are caused by social faces and could be avoided by purposeful social action.
Economic insecurity stems from – a) inadequate compensation, b) disabilities incurred through accident, ill health, old age etc. and c)unemployment. The welfare state believes that these insecurities can be overcome by remodeling the laissez faire economy and by introducing a form of planning to realize these objectives. But planning should be combined with the market economy in various degrees. In other words, it would rectify the evils of the capitalist system by state intervention. It stands for what is now popularly known as ‘mixed economy’ or a ‘managed economy’.
4. Welfare State is a Permanent Institution
The welfare state, positive liberalism maintains, is an eternal and permanent institution of society. The state is also a neutral instrument of power which can be used for any purpose. The state is an arbiter seeking the good of any society impartiality. The ability of the state to provide quantity, quality and the type of welfare depends upon the groups who wield the state power. The personnel of the government could be changed by the will of the people through universal suffrage.
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Answer:
A welfare state is an administration concept in which the state plays a significant role in the safeguarding and advancement of its citizens' economic and social well-being.
Explanation:
It is based on the ideals of fair treatment, equitable wealth distribution, and commitment for those who cannot afford the bare necessities of life. The broad term can refer to various types of economic and social organisation.
1. Highlights the importance of man: The welfare state stresses the individual's worth and dignity and assists him in leading a respectable life in society. It treats all people equally, regardless of their social or economic standing.
2. Implements progressive measures; The welfare state strives to implement progressive policies such as agrarian reform, agricultural production, price caps, a PDS for essential commodities, wellness, youth development, hygiene, and communication, among others.
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