mention any 2 problems faced by small scale industries
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Small Scale Industries do not enjoy much of the advantages enjoyed by large scale enterprises because of their nature and size. Though they have made significant contribution to economic development, they have not realized their full potential. They face many problems in their functioning and many Small Scale Industries are sick.
The government had reserved certain items for exclusive production by Small Scale Industries. Large scale enterprises were not allowed to produce the items which were reserved for the SSI sector. With the opening up of the economy and following the principles of liberalization and globalization, many items have been successively De-reserved. Therefore Small Scale Industries have to now counter the twin forces of competition from Indian large scale enterprises as well as foreign competitors.
Problems faced by Small Scale Industries
The following are the problems faced by Small Scale Industries:
1. Poor capacity utilization: In many of the Small Scale Industries, the capacity utilization is not even 50% of the installed capacity. Nearly half of the machinery remains idle. Capital is unnecessarily locked up and idle machinery also occupies space and needs to be serviced resulting in increased costs.
2. Incompetent management: Many Small Scale Industries are run in an incompetent manner by poorly qualified entrepreneurs without much skill or experience. Very little thought has gone into matters such as demand, production level and techniques, financial availability, plant location, future prospects etc. According to one official study, the major reason for SSI sickness is deficiency in project Management i.e., inexperience of promoters in the basic processes of production, cash flow etc
3. Inadequate Finance: Many Small Scale Industries face the problem of scarcity of funds. They are not able to access the domestic capital market to raise resources. They are also not able to tap foreign markets by issuing ADR’s (American Depository Receipts) GDR’s (Global Depository Receipts) etc because of their small capital base. Banks and financial institutions require various procedures and formalities to be completed. Even after a long delay, the funds allocated are inadequate. Bank credit to the small scale sector as a percentage of total credit has been declining. It fell from 16% in 1999 to 12.5% in 2002. Small Scale Industries are not able to get funds immediately for their needs. They have to depend on private money lenders who charge high interest. Finance, as a whole, both long and short term, accounts for as large as 43% of the sector’s sickness.
4. Raw material shortages: Raw materials are not available at the required quantity and quality. Since demand for raw materials is more than the supply, the prices of raw materials are quite high which pushes up the cost. Scarcity of raw materials results in idle capacity, low production, inability to meet demand and loss of customers.
5. Lack of marketing support: Small Scale Industries lack market knowledge with regard to competitors, consumer preferences, market trends. Since their production volume is small and cannot meet demand for large quantities their market is very restricted. Now with the process of liberalization and globalization they are facing competition from local industries as well as foreign competitors who sell better quality products at lower prices. For e.g. heavily subsidized but better quality imports from China has made most of the Indian SSI units producing toys, electronic goods, machine tools, chemicals, locks and paper etc., unviable.
6. Problem of working capital: Many Small Scale Industries face the problem of inadequate working capital. Due to lack of market knowledge their production exceeds demand, and capital gets locked in unsold stock. They do not have enough funds to meet operational expenses and run the business.
7. Problems in Export: They lack knowledge about the export procedures, demand patterns, product preferences, international currency rates and foreign buyer behavior. Small Scale Industries are not able to penetrate foreign markets because of their poor quality and lack of cost competitiveness. In countries like Taiwan, Japan etc. products produced by Small Scale Industries are exported to many foreign countries. But in India not much thought and focus has gone into improving the export competitiveness of Small Scale Industries.
The government had reserved certain items for exclusive production by Small Scale Industries. Large scale enterprises were not allowed to produce the items which were reserved for the SSI sector. With the opening up of the economy and following the principles of liberalization and globalization, many items have been successively De-reserved. Therefore Small Scale Industries have to now counter the twin forces of competition from Indian large scale enterprises as well as foreign competitors.
Problems faced by Small Scale Industries
The following are the problems faced by Small Scale Industries:
1. Poor capacity utilization: In many of the Small Scale Industries, the capacity utilization is not even 50% of the installed capacity. Nearly half of the machinery remains idle. Capital is unnecessarily locked up and idle machinery also occupies space and needs to be serviced resulting in increased costs.
2. Incompetent management: Many Small Scale Industries are run in an incompetent manner by poorly qualified entrepreneurs without much skill or experience. Very little thought has gone into matters such as demand, production level and techniques, financial availability, plant location, future prospects etc. According to one official study, the major reason for SSI sickness is deficiency in project Management i.e., inexperience of promoters in the basic processes of production, cash flow etc
3. Inadequate Finance: Many Small Scale Industries face the problem of scarcity of funds. They are not able to access the domestic capital market to raise resources. They are also not able to tap foreign markets by issuing ADR’s (American Depository Receipts) GDR’s (Global Depository Receipts) etc because of their small capital base. Banks and financial institutions require various procedures and formalities to be completed. Even after a long delay, the funds allocated are inadequate. Bank credit to the small scale sector as a percentage of total credit has been declining. It fell from 16% in 1999 to 12.5% in 2002. Small Scale Industries are not able to get funds immediately for their needs. They have to depend on private money lenders who charge high interest. Finance, as a whole, both long and short term, accounts for as large as 43% of the sector’s sickness.
4. Raw material shortages: Raw materials are not available at the required quantity and quality. Since demand for raw materials is more than the supply, the prices of raw materials are quite high which pushes up the cost. Scarcity of raw materials results in idle capacity, low production, inability to meet demand and loss of customers.
5. Lack of marketing support: Small Scale Industries lack market knowledge with regard to competitors, consumer preferences, market trends. Since their production volume is small and cannot meet demand for large quantities their market is very restricted. Now with the process of liberalization and globalization they are facing competition from local industries as well as foreign competitors who sell better quality products at lower prices. For e.g. heavily subsidized but better quality imports from China has made most of the Indian SSI units producing toys, electronic goods, machine tools, chemicals, locks and paper etc., unviable.
6. Problem of working capital: Many Small Scale Industries face the problem of inadequate working capital. Due to lack of market knowledge their production exceeds demand, and capital gets locked in unsold stock. They do not have enough funds to meet operational expenses and run the business.
7. Problems in Export: They lack knowledge about the export procedures, demand patterns, product preferences, international currency rates and foreign buyer behavior. Small Scale Industries are not able to penetrate foreign markets because of their poor quality and lack of cost competitiveness. In countries like Taiwan, Japan etc. products produced by Small Scale Industries are exported to many foreign countries. But in India not much thought and focus has gone into improving the export competitiveness of Small Scale Industries.
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1) Poor capacity utilization- In many of the Small Scale Industries, the capacity utilization is not even 50% of the installed capacity. Nearly1/2 of the machinery remains idle. Capital is unnecessarily locked up and idle machinery also occupies space and needs to be serviced resulting in increased costs.
2) Incompetent management- Many Small Scale Industries are run in an incompetent manner by poorly qualified entrepreneurs without much skill or experience. Very little thought has gone into matters such as demand, production level and techniques, financial availability, plant location, future prospects etc. According to one official study, the major reason for SSI sickness is deficiency in project Management i.e., inexperience of promoters in the basic processes of production, cash flow etc
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