Mention any one subject each of Union list and state list as per the indian council act of 1919
Answers
Provincial government
Executive:Dyarchy was introduced, i.e., there were two classes of administrators – Executive councillors and ministers.The Governor was the executive head of the province.The subjects were divided into two lists – reserved and transferred.The governor was in charge of the reserved list along with his executive councillors. The subjects under this list were law and order, irrigation, finance, land revenue, etc.The ministers were in charge of subjects under the transferred list. The subjects included were education, local government, health, excise, industry, public works, religious endowments, etc.The ministers were responsible to the people who elected them through the legislature.These ministers were nominated from among the elected members of the legislative council.The executive councillors were not responsible to the legislature unlike the ministers.The Secretary of State and the Governor-General could interfere in matters under the reserved list but this interference was restricted for the transferred list.Legislature:The size of the provincial legislative assemblies was increased. Now about 70% of the members were elected.There were communal and class electorates.Some women could also vote.The governor’s assent was required to pass any bill. He also had veto power and could issue ordinances also.
Central government
Executive:The chief executive authority was the Governor-General.There were two lists for administration – central and provincial.Provincial list was under the provinces while the centre took care of the central list.Out of the 6 members of the Viceroy’s executive council, 3 were to be Indian members.The governor-general could issue ordinances.He could also certify bills that were rejected by the central legislature.Legislature:A bicameral legislature was set up with two houses – Legislative Assembly (forerunner of the Lok Sabha) and the Council of State (forerunner of the Rajya Sabha).Legislative Assembly (Lower House)Members of the Legislative Assembly:The nominated members were nominated by the governor-general from Anglo-Indians and Indian Christians.The members had a tenure of 3 years.Council of State (Upper House)Only male members with a tenure of 5 years.Members of the Council of State:The legislators could ask questions and also vote a part of the budget.Only 25% of the budget was subject to vote.Rest was non-votable.A bill had to passed in both houses before it became a law.There were three measures to resolve any deadlock between both the houses – joint committees, joint conferences and join sittings.Governor-GeneralThe governor-general’s assent was required for any bill to become a law even if both houses have passed it.He could also enact a bill without the legislature’s consent.He could prevent a bill from becoming law if he deems it as detrimental to the peace of the country.He could disallow any question, adjournment motion or debate in the house.