Question

Mention any three kinds of literature composed by mediaeval Bengali author

Answer 1

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Pre-Chaitanya Vaishnava literature

Pre-Chaitanya or Early Vaishnava literature denotes the literature of the time preceding the time of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. These include: Sri Krishna Kritana by Boru Chandidas; lyrical poems, known as the Vaishnava Padavali of Vidyapati and Chandidas; Sri Krishna Vijaya, the partial translation of Bhagavata Purana by Maladhar Basu and Krittivasi Ramayana by Krittivas Ojha.


Nabanarikunjara, one of the themes of Mediaeval Vishnava lyrics, engraved on a temple pillar at Bishnupur, Bankura.

Basanta Ranjan Roy Bidyatvallava discovered the torn manuscript of the Sri Krishna Kirtana from the cowshed of Debendranath Chatterjee's house at Kakinlya village, Bankura district in modern-day Paschimbanga (West Bengal). Sri Krishna Kirtana was written by Boru Chandidas in the later half of 14th century CE. It is considered as the second oldest work of Bengali literature after Charyapada.

Vaishnava lyrics by Vidyapati and Chandidas

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The 15th century is marked by the emergence of Vaishnava lyrical poetry or the padavali in Bengal. The poetry of Vidyapati, the great Maithili poet, though not written in Bengali, influenced the literature of the time so greatly that it makes him a vital part of Middle Bengali literature. He flourished in the modern-day Darbhanga district of Bihar, India in the 14th century. His Vaishnava lyrics became very popular among the masses of Bengal. The first major Bengali poet to write Vaishnava lyrics was Chandidas, who belonged to the modern-day Birbhum district (or, according to another opinion, Bankura district), Paschimbanga in the 15th century. Chandidas is also known for his humanist proclamation—"Sabar upare manush satya, tahar upare nai" ("সবার উপরে মানুষ সত্য তাহার উপরে নাই ।।")—"The supreme truth is human, there is nothing more important than he is.".

Maladhar Basu and Krittibas Ojha

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Krittibas Memorial at Phulia, Nadia.

Main articles:

Maladhar Basu and Krittibas Ojha

The Bengali translations of two great Sanskrit texts the Bhagavata Purana and the Ramayana played a crucial role in the development of Middle Bengali literature. Maladhar Basu's Sri Krishna Vijaya (শ্রীকৃষ্ণবিজয়, Triumph of Lord Krishna), which is chiefly a translation of the 10th and 11th cantos of the Bhagavata Purana, is the earliest Bengali narrative poem that can be assigned to a definite date.[2] Maladhar Basu flourished in the modern-day Bardhaman district of Paschimbanga in the 15th century.[2] Composed between 1473 and 1480 C.E.,Sri Krishna Vijaya is also the oldest Bengali narrative poem of the Krishna legend.

The Ramayana, under the title of Sri Rama Panchali, more popularly known as the Krittibasi Ramayana, was translated by Krittibas Ojha who belonged to the modern-day Nadia district, Paschimbanga. He also, like Maladhar Basu, flourished in the 15th century.

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Answer 2

The Medieval Bengali Literature is a period in the  Bengali literature history that dated from 15th to 18th centuries.

Explanation:

• Medieval Bengali literature comprised varied poetic genres, that included Hindu religious scriptures (adaptations from different events of Ramayana- Mangalkavya), Islamic epics (works of Abdul Hakim (epic verse and translations of Persian manuscripts) and Syed Sultan (Nabibangsha)), Vaishnava texts (biographical literature of  Chaitanya Mahaprabhu), translations of Persian, Sanskrit, and Arabic, texts, and secular texts by Muslim poets.