Question

Mention disadvantages posed by traditional hybridization procedures (in plants &
animals) which are now overcome by genetic engineering techniques. Name any two
techniques which have helped in overcoming these limitations.​

Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Following are disadvantages of traditional hybridization procedures in plants and animals :

• Traditional hybridization is a form of human-mediated intentional hybridization that involves  crossing  individuals of different species (interspecific hybridization) or genetically divergent individuals of the same species (intraspecific hybridization).
• Traditional hybridization methods involve mating the organisms to be modified with another individual of the same species with the desired traits and selecting the progeny to express the desired set of traits.
• These methods very often result in the entrapment and amplification of undesired genes along with desired genes.  interspecific hybridization is generally not very successful.
• It is costly.
• It leads to insertion of unwanted genes.
• It brings complexity of the procedure.
• It leads to antigenicity of the product.

Following are two techniques which overcomes the limitations of traditional hybridisation :

• Use of Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering can overcome all of these disadvantages as the use of recombinant DNA technology. Genetic engineering techniques, including the creation of recombinant DNA, the use of gene cloning and gene transfer, overcome this limitation and allow us to isolate and introduce only one or a set of desirable genes without introducing unwanted genes into the target organism.

• Use of gene cloning and gene transfer

Gene cloning and gene transfer allows us to isolate and introduce just one or a set of desirable genes without introducing unwanted genes into the target organism, which is also derived from a distant organism originates.

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