Question

Mention features of the Russian economic at the beginning of the 20th century

Answer 1

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Russia, the largest country in the world, is endowed with exceptional wealth: hydrocarbons, rare ores, huge forests ... Yet, it faces immense economic and social difficulties and remains dependent on an economy based on oil. Russian President Vladimir Putin, who has been in power for more than eighteen years, is expected to be re-elected for a fourth term at the helm of the country, following the presidential elections on Sunday (March 18th). Yet its economic and social record is far from flattering.

143.4 MILLION

This is the number of inhabitants in Russia, according to the 2018 edition of the Bilan du Monde. Since 2009, the population growth curve has been rising again, after years of decline after the peak reached in 1992 (148.689 million inhabitants). According to Philippe Pelé-Clamour, a specialist in Russia and professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) in Paris, "Putin's family policy to help from the second child did not work in the cities, but only in the countryside ". Since Putin came to power, the fertility rate - which has fallen sharply since 1987 - has certainly gone up again, but it remains too low to ensure the renewal of generations; it was 1.75 in 2015, according to the most recent available data.

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Answer 2

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* Features of Russian Economy at the beginning of the 20th Century *

$\bigstar$ Russia was ruled by an autocratic monarch called the Tsar. Russian society was still feudal. In fact, serfs had been emancipated in Russia only in 1861. Even after emancipation, society still remained moored in a traditional hierarchical order.

$\bigstar$ There  were little signs of Russian moving towards a more democratic or liberal social and political order. However, this began to change from 1905 after Russia lost the Russo-Japanese war.

$\bigstar$ The Tsar was widely blamed for the defeat.The Revolution of 1905 led to efforts to establish a constitutional monarchy but these attempts were thwarted by the Tsar.

$\bigstar$ Russian economy was primarily agricultural till the Russian Revolution of 1917.The level of industrialization was low and there were only about three million industrial workers. Even these workers worked under appalling conditions at very low wages.

$\bigstar$ The condition of Russian agriculture was also poor. Agricultural technology was still primitive and peasants could barely produce to feed themselves.