mention the difference between the
early mediaeval period and the later medieval period.
Answers
Answer: There are a number of changes which marked the different eras, so long as one remembers that the people of that time were living in their present - not a self identified age. I’m sure they thought they were quite modern.
The traditional year in which Rome “fell” was 476 when a barbarian named Odoacer deposed the Emporer. However, the Roman empire and its civilizing influences lingered in Italy and Southern Gaul for a couple of centuries. But it disappeared from Northern Gaul and what we now call the British isles a century earlier when the Roman army withdrew to defend Rome from the waves of Barbarians attacking it. The residents of Gaul (Catalonia and southern france thought of themselves as Roman citizens and continued the organization provided by Roman culture for far longer. the people of middle and eastern Europe continued to migrate south, pushed by hordes coming from the Est, and were integrated into the Roman culture. The Lombards - who started off in the Denmark penisula - eventually became Christian and controlled both Northern and Southern Italy, except for the strip of land across central Italy between Rome and RavenNA which would become the papal states. However, as far as the citizens of the Eastern Roman empire were concerned,( Greece, Romania, the Balkans, Turkey, SyriA and Palestine) the Roman Empire was intact, the Emporer lived in Constantinople and it didn’t fall until the Turks sacked Constantinope in 1476.
So there aren’t any clean lines dividing the ancient world from the Medieval one.
That said, here are some of the differences outside of historical/political ones.
First - Depopulation . The effects of The plagues of 3rd century and constant wars decimated the population which in turn depopulated the cities - without sufficient population, trade in the towns fell apart - the baths and temples and public buildings fell into disuse - many of the techniques required to repair things and certainly to build new ones were lost - everything from pottery to clay pipes for plumbing to building suspension bridges and certainly the finer arts - paitning, swords and jewelry - all were lost. CS Lewis said that it was a time unlike ours , when something that was old was considered to be far superior to something new. The medieval world became decentralized and rural.
Towns began to grow again around castles, cathedrals, hosptials, and Monasteries. as theRoman Catholic Bishops began to acrue power and require the kinds of services that make towns work again - bakers, fishmongers, cobblers, stone masons and ironsmiths -they built cathedrals and palaces and revived the towns; the Kings began to consolidate secular power and build castles, support armies, and they employed these same people. Servants, scribes, teachers, pastry chefs dance masters and painters were required. Many early Medieval kings traveled between several castles administering their kingdoms through their local Counts, who kept count of taxes etc. and barons. The peasants and villeins were tied to their lord’s land as they relied on their Lord for protection during the spring war campaigns. The growing merchant class in the towns were not. In some parts of Europe, the peasants owed their Lord a portion of whatever they grew, as well as military service. In others they were little better than slaves. As the towns grew, they developed their own systems for creating community - guilds and extended family. At one point, there was a law in Italy that if a serf ran away from his lord and went to a city which were very unhealthy places to live and survived a year, they were released from their lord and an independent man.
Second - Climate change. The earth had a 300 year cold spell, which caused the plague to recede, but without Roman supply routes, food was scarce - the Roman techniques for farming in the mediterranean were not suited for the dark wet clay of Northern Europe - crops didn't begin to feed the population again until the invention of the iron plow and the yoke for Oxen so they could actually turn the earth. So It wasn’t until 300 years after the fall of Rome that the world started warming up and the population actually started to grow. The warm period set the Vikings on their explorations as well as other traders. International Trade began to prosper. Crafts and craftsman were imported and copied. Around the 11th century we get the warming trend which leads to the bounty of the Rennaissance and the growth of the cities. This also wakes up the plague, the Black Death erupts and kills 1/3 of Europe. Suddenly there is the kind of bounty in food we are used to in the West in the 20th century.
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#by titan
Answer:
Hey Mate here
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Early Mediaeval Period
This era is often considered, to begin with, the "fall of Rome" and end sometime in the 11th century.
This epithet originated with those who wanted to compare the earlier period unfavorably with their own so-called "enlightened" age.
Modern scholars who have actually studied the time period would not so readily use the label, since passing judgment on the past interferes with a true understanding of the time and its people.
Yet the term is still somewhat apt for the simple
reason that we know relatively little about events and material culture in those times.
Late Middle Ages
The end of the Middle Ages can be characterized as a transformation from the medieval world to the early modern one. It is often considered to begin in 1300, though some scholars look at the mid- to late-fifteenth century as the beginning of the end. Once again, the end of the end is debatable, ranging from 1500 to 1650.
The 16th century was wracked by the Reformation and blessed by the birth of Shakespeare. The 17th century, rarely included within the medieval era, saw the Great Fire of London, a rash of witch hunts, and the Thirty Years War.
High medieval society had been characterized by the corporation. The nobility, the clergy, the peasantry, the guilds—all were group entities that saw to the welfare of their members but put the welfare of the community, and their own community in particular, first.
My own outlook has certainly evolved in the last 25 years, and will most likely continue to do so as long as the Middle Ages continues to hold me in its thrall.
So now make your own choice
all points are very important
.
thanks
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