mention the names of hormones secreted by pituitary gland and explain there impact on the human's
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Explanation:
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The pituitary gland is a pea-sized endocrine gland that is situated in the middle of the skull base and kept protected within a bony cavity called the sella turcica. It plays an essential role in regulating the functions of various other endocrine glands and maintaining overall hormone levels in the blood.
How does the pituitary gland work?
The pituitary gland is divided into two parts: anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland. The gland is connected to another brain structure called the hypothalamus by a stalk comprising blood vessels and nerve fibers. The anterior lobe is mainly composed of hormone-secreting epithelial cells, whereas the posterior lobe contains unmyelinated nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
Under the control of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland controls the autonomic nervous system, which plays an essential role in regulating various involuntary functions of the body, including body temperature, hunger and thirst, urination, heartbeat, and sleep. The hormones secreted by the pituitary gland are vital regulators of most of the other endocrine glands. In addition, some hormones directly control the function of specific organs.
The pituitary hormones are released directly into the blood and travel through the blood vessels until they reach specific target organs. The production and secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe are under the regulation of the hypothalamus, which, depending on the body’s need, produces ‘releasing hormones’ or ‘inhibiting hormones’ to subsequently induce or suppress hormone release by the anterior lobe, respectively.
The production of anterior lobe hormones is also regulated by hormone levels in the blood. For example, the pituitary gland stops producing TSH if there is enough thyroid hormone in the blood. Similarly, the gland starts producing TSH when the thyroid hormone levels are low in the blood. What are the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
There are four hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that control the functions of other endocrine glands. These hormones include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH). In addition, the anterior lobe secretes two more hormones that have direct effects on specific organs. These hormones include growth hormone (GH) or somatotropic hormone (STH) and prolactin.
Regarding the posterior pituitary gland, two different hormones, namely oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), are stored there. These hormones are secreted depending on the body’s need.