Mention the various constitutional laws exting to eradicate discrimination
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The advocacy for anti-discrimination can be traced to the innate provision in the Indian Constitution. Article 15 of the Constitution prohibits the State on the grounds of religion, caste, race, sex and place of birth in various day-to-day activities, including when it comes to providing equal employment opportunities. The Constitution does not, however, prevent positive discrimination or affirmative action that is based on discrepancies in gender, social or financial background or traditional caste based disadvantage. It is for this reason that Article 15 also provides that a State can make special reservation for women and socially and educationally backward classes of citizens including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in educational institutions.
Further, Article 16 empowers the State to make reservations with respect to appointment for posts in favour of any backward classes of citizens if the State is of the opinion that such classes are under-privileged. The Socio-economic rights under the Article 39 in Part IV of the Constitution also urges the State to ensure that citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood, right to shelter, food, education and work.
There is also a law in the Indian Constitution that safeguards the rights of the disabled. In 1995, Persons With Disability Act (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) was passed to provide equal opportunities in education, employment, social security and unbiased atmosphere for the disabled. Section 47, for example, provides that a Government establishment is forbidden from reducing an employee's rank if he or she acquires a disability during the course of his/her appointment. However, the employer can, alternatively, employ him/her in a different capacity provided the pay scale (along with the benefits) is not reduced. That means there will not be any kind of discrimination with the disabled persons.
Further, Article 16 empowers the State to make reservations with respect to appointment for posts in favour of any backward classes of citizens if the State is of the opinion that such classes are under-privileged. The Socio-economic rights under the Article 39 in Part IV of the Constitution also urges the State to ensure that citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood, right to shelter, food, education and work.
There is also a law in the Indian Constitution that safeguards the rights of the disabled. In 1995, Persons With Disability Act (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) was passed to provide equal opportunities in education, employment, social security and unbiased atmosphere for the disabled. Section 47, for example, provides that a Government establishment is forbidden from reducing an employee's rank if he or she acquires a disability during the course of his/her appointment. However, the employer can, alternatively, employ him/her in a different capacity provided the pay scale (along with the benefits) is not reduced. That means there will not be any kind of discrimination with the disabled persons.
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