Mention two changes related to vision and bones at late adulthood at the phase of human development?
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Answer:
Age sixty-five is considered a milestone and the beginning of late adulthood. Reaching this age generally brings about retirement from work, eligibility for Social Security and Medicare benefits, income tax advantages, reduced fares and admission prices to leisure events, and special purchase or discount privileges.
It is projected that by the year 2020, approximately 16.5% of the population will be sixty-five years of age or older (up from 4.1% in 1900, 8.1% in 1950, and 12.4% in 2000) (Himes, 2001). This percentage is expected to increase to 20.8% by 2060.
Changes in body systems and organs with age are highly variable and may be results of disease, which in turn may be affected by lifestyle.
Most body systems generally continue to function fairly well, but the heart becomes more susceptible to disease. Reserve capacity declines.
Although the brain changes with age, the changes are usually modest. They include loss or shrinkage of nerve cells and a general slowing of responses. However, the brain also seems able to grow new neurons and build new connections late in life.
Visual and hearing problems may interfere with daily life but often can be corrected. Irreversible damage may result from age-related macular degeneration or glaucoma. Losses in taste and smell may lead to poor nutrition. Training can improve muscular strength, balance, and reaction time. Older adults tend to be susceptible to accidents and falls.
Most older people are reasonably healthy, especially if they follow a healthy lifestyle. Most do have chronic conditions, but these usually do not greatly limit activities or interfere with daily life. The proportion of older adults with physical disabilities has declined. Still, older adults do need more medical care than younger ones.
Exercise and diet are important influences on health. Loss of teeth can seriously affect nutrition.