Question

Metallic sodium is extracted by the electrolysis of brine (aq. NaCl). After electrolysis
the electrolytic solution becomes basic in nature. Write the possible electrode
reactions.​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

Hooker cell for electrolysis of brine (schematic). Since chloride ions are removed and hydroxide ions produced by the electrolysis, the electrolyte gradually changes from a solution of sodium chloride to a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Explanation:

The important chemicals, NaOH, Cl2, H2, can be obtained by electrolyzing an aqueous NaCl solution

(brine)               2H2O + 2e-  ---------->  H2 + 2OH-

Chlorine is produced at the anode:

                         2Cl-  ----------->  Cl2 + 2e-

Thus the overall reaction is:

                      2H2O(l)  +  2Cl-(aqueous) -------> H2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2OH-(aqueous)

The considerable effort required to concentrate the NaOH solution obtained from diaphragm cells can be avoided by using mercury cells.

The cathode in such a cell is mercury, and the cathode reaction is

                          Na+(aqueous) + e- xHg(l) -----> NaHgx(l)

The sodium metal produced in this reaction dissolves in the liquid mercury, producing an amalgam. The liquid amalgam is then transferred to an-other part of the cell and reacted with water:

         NaHgx(l)  +  2H2O(l) ---------> 2Na+(aqueous)  +  2OH- + H2 + xHg(l)