Question

Methodology of water management and conservation

Answer 1

Answer:

Water is an important natural resource. All the organisms depend on water to live and grow. 97% of Earth’s surface is covered with water, and only 3% of water is safe and drinkable. It is found in a frozen state in mountains and glaciers.

Water is a renewable resource and is used in every work. The water is used by plants for the uptake of minerals and nutrients. The human also used water in agricultural, industrial, household and recreational related activities. The groundwater is used for drinking; however, it is present in less amount and decreasing day by day.  

Sources of water

Water is necessary for every organism to live their life. The water has various sources. The sources of water are:

Rivers: Rivers are one of the important sources of water. The water of these rivers goes into the dam which goes to pipeline and finally comes into households.

Lakes: Lake is also the source of water. People living near lakes or village depend on the lake water for agricultural and other works.  

Oceans: oceans cover most of the Earth’s surface. However, the oceanic water is too salty and is not drinkable. The river water goes and fallen into these oceans.  

Reasons for a reduction in the level of surface water and groundwater:

The availability of freshwater is decreasing day by day. The level of groundwater in the world is rapidly decreasing. Many parts of the world start facing water scarcity. The reasons for the reduction in the level of freshwater are:

Pollution is one of the important reasons for the decreasing level. The polluted substance or chemicals which comes from industries and agricultural fields get mixed into water bodies like lakes and rivers etc. and make the surface water polluted.

Another important reason the too much extraction of groundwater. In many places, we can see that the pipelines are fitted in depth which causes a reduction in the level of groundwater.

Climate change also affects the level of groundwater. Climate changes cause shrinkage of mountains and glaciers rapidly.  

Water conservation methodologies:

Rainwater harvesting

• Sustainable use of groundwater

• Recreation of traditional water sources

• Use of advance irrigation methods

• Flood management system

• Dam and reservoir construction

• Adopting water conservation habits

• Protection of water from pollution

Rainwater Harvesting and its Advantages

Rainwater harvesting is a technique that is used to collect and store the water of rain. To do this, the rainwater is collected in the roof-like structure and connected to a tank or any storage reservoir. It is one of the traditional and easy methods of water conservation.  

The water collected by this technique is used in industries, agricultural field and other household works. The harvested water is used for long term storage or to recharge groundwater.

The factors that affect the amount of water harvested are roof construction pattern and material used, frequency and quantity of rainfall, storage tank capacity and type of soil from which water penetrates.

The advantages of rainwater harvesting are:  

• It is economic
• Enhance water and energy conservation
• Fulfil the needs of water in water scarcity areas
• Helps in raising the groundwater level

Can be set up at home or easily setup any place

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