Methods of rainwater har esting in India with special refernce of Shillaog and Tamil Nadu
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Answer:
Explanation:
In 2016, Tamil Nadu witnessed the worst drought in the last 140 years. “This was unheard of in the history of Tamil Nadu,” says Korlapati Satyagopal, Commissioner of Revenue Administration, Tamil Nadu. The drought triggered a series of measures to prevent such a crisis.
Satyagopal’s role was to restore the water bodies. Last year, district collectors were directed to analyse historical data to identify blocks and villages that face drinking water crisis in the event of rainfall deficit. Water bodies and supply channels were cleaned. Small check dams were set up to store water near streams and borewells with drinking water. Defunct borewells were converted into water recharging ones through rainwater harvesting.
In April 2017, the Industries Department announced a plan to de-silt tanks and reservoirs across the State. “This announcement will be a game changer for Tamil Nadu,” says Satyagopal. That month, the Public Works Department observed that storage in tanks and reservoirs was only 10 per cent of their original capacity and the water holding capacity had diminished by about 20 per cent on an average, due to silting over the years.
In 2017, about six crore cubic metres of silt were removed from nearly 43,000 tanks. And work is going on in another 24,000 tanks this year. Storage of 2 TMC of water in each tank is created with de-silting of an average depth of 2.5 feet. Desilting has helped flood-prone regions such as Cuddalore and Nagapattinam cope better, Satyagopal says.
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Methods of Rainwater Harvesting
Broadly there are two ways of harvesting rainwater
Surface runoff harvesting
Roof top rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off. These stored waters are used for various purposes such as gardening, irrigation etc. Various methods of rainwater harvesting are described in this section.
1. Surface runoff harvesting
In urban area rainwater flows away as surface runoff. This runoff could be caught and used for recharging aquifers by adopting appropriate methods.
2. Rooftop rainwater harvesting
It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. It can either be stored in a tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting the groundwater level of the area.
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting System.
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