Question

microorganisms 8th class pull outs work sheet
please tell drawing names matter also please ​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Viruses

Viruses are the smallest of all the microbes. Their genome is made of either DNA or RNA (not both), and this is packaged inside a protein shell called a capsid. They are not made of cells (acellular), cannot make their own proteins and don’t grow. Instead, they must infect a host cell and hijack its machinery to assemble new viruses. Viruses are usually only able to infect a limited number of species living organism. Bacteriophages  are viruses that infect bacteria. In some countries they are used to treat bacterial infections and there is renewed interest in phage therapy due to the alarming increase in antimicrobial resistant infections.

Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes (“pro” = before, “karyote” = nucleus). They are single cells (unicellular) with a circular DNA genome that floats around in the cytoplasm. Many prokaryotes have one or more smaller circles of DNA called plasmids that carry additional genes. Bacteria and archaea have a very similar cell structure (Figure 3). They do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Some prokaryotes have tail-like structures called flagella, which they use to swim through liquid.

Bacteria

Bacterial cells are mostly circular (coccus, plural cocci) or rod-shaped (bacillus, plural bacilli), but a few have spiral or corkscrew shapes. Another defining features is the use of peptidoglycan as a component of their cell walls. You almost certainly have millions of Escherichia coli bacteria (Figure 4) in your lower intestine. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, but a few can cause serious food poisoning that can be fatal.

Fungi

Fungi exist as either single cells (yeasts) or as multicellular organisms formed of thin, branching tubular structures called hyphae. Some fungi are able to switch between these two forms (they are dimorphic) in response to environmental conditions eg temperature (Figure 8).

One of the defining features of fungi is that their cell walls contain chitin. Arthropods such as crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp) and insects use chitin to form their exoskeleton – think of how tough a beetle is and you can see how this polymer provides structural support to fungal cells.

Eukaryotes

The eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants and animals. The defining feature of a eukaryotic cell is that it has a nucleus (“eu” = true, “karyote” = kernel or nucleus), in which the linear DNA genome is packaged into one or multiple chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells also contain multiple membrane-bound organelles, including mitochondria, that are not found in prokaryotic cells .

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