Mission, omission, commission related to which ruler of bengal
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Bengal naturally did not find any mention in the Vedic hymns. It was in the Aitareya Brahmana, however, that there is an indirect reference to the people of Bengal.
It is mentioned that the peoples living on the frontiers of the Aryan dominions were dasyus among whom the people known as the Pundras were also there.
The Pundras have been identified, on the basis of epigraphic evidence, with the people of Bogra district in Northern Bengal. According to some scholars, there is a reference to Vangas in the Aitareya Aranyaka. But the identity of Vanga with Bengal has been questioned by many modern scholars.
There is, however, four clear references to the Vangas in the epics and the Dharmasutras. In the Bodhayana Dharmasutra there is reference to Aryavarta lying between the Himalayas and the western Vindhyas covering the riparian areas of the Ganges and the Jumna. This area was the most sacred of all. Next in sanctity was the regions covered by Malwa, East and South Bihar, South Kathiawar, the lower Indus Valley and the Deccan.
The outermost region which was outside the pale of the Vedic culture, hence not sacred, comprised Arattas of Southern Punjab and Sind, Vangas of Central and Eastern Bengal and the Kalingas of Orissa. The peoples of the first two regions referred to above has to undergo expiation if they would live in the places referred to in the last regions.
In the epics, however, the Vangas were no longer regarded as sacrileges and impure barbarians. In the Mahabharata Bhima is mentioned as making a whirlwind campaign in the land, later known as Bengal. After defeating and killing the King of Monghyr, Bhima attacked the King of Pundras who ruled over his Kingdom on the banks of the river Kosi.
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Next he marched against the Kings of the Vangas and then brought to subjection the Kings of Tamralipti, Karvata and the rulers of Suhmas, the modern Hooghly district. There is also reference to Prasuhmas who are supposed to have lived in some regions in West Bengal in the neighbourhood of the Suhmas. In the Tirtha Yatra section of the Vanaparva of the epic there is mention of the sanctity of the river Kaiotoya which flowed past Mahasthangarh, i.e., Pundranagara in North Bengal.
In Jaina Acharanga-sutra the land of Ladha (Radha) in West Bengal has been described as a pathless country, inhabited by rude people who would set dogs on peaceful monks. In Jaina Upanga, however, the Ladhas and the Vangas have been classed as Aryans and latter have been mentioned as in possession of Tamalipti, i.e., Tamluk and the former in possession of Kotivarsha in the Dinajpur district. In Acharanga-sutra Ladha has been divided into Vajjabhumi and Subbha, i.e., Vajrabhumi and Suhma.
Reference to Suhma is found in the writings of the early Buddhist writers but not to Vanga. The first reference to Vanga in Buddhist literature is to be found in Milindapanha. References to Bengal as mentioned above lacked chronological arrangement.
During the historical period reference to a peoples by historians of Alexander is found in the name Gangaridai who as Pliny, Ptolemy and other classical writers mention as the people who occupied the country of the lower Ganges, and tributaries. Both the Jaina and Buddhist texts refer to the contemporaries of the Mauryas in Pundravardhana.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
That Pundravardhana existed during the Maurya period is also testified by a Brahmi inscription discovered at Mahasthangarh in Bogra district. The Chinese pilgrims who visited India in the post Maurya period noticed Asokan monuments in different parts of Bengal.
The Periplus, Ptolemy’s Geography, Milindapanha and Nagar junikonda inscriptions give us some details about Bengal during the early centuries of the Christian era. Ptolemy refers to the city of Ganges and distinguishes it from Tamalites, i.e., Tamralipti.
From the fourth century A.D. it was possible to reconstruct the history of Bengal and its administrative division with fair certainty on the basis of distinct chronology. Well-known divisions of Bengal such as Gauda, Vanga, Radha, of course, varied in extent during this period.
When Chandragupta I and Samudragupta were marching from victory to victory adding territory after territory to the Gupta Empire, Bengal was then divided into a number of independent kingdoms. In his campaign against Aryavarta, Samudragupta is known to have defeated Chandravarman and occupied western and southern Bengal.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
North Bengal was also under Samudragupta as is evident from an inscription of- Samudragupta in which Kamrupa is mentioned as c tributary state of Samudragupta on the northern border of his empire. Samatata (East Bengal was originally a tribute-paying kingdom of the Guptas, but later on it was included in the Gupta empire
It is mentioned that the peoples living on the frontiers of the Aryan dominions were dasyus among whom the people known as the Pundras were also there.
The Pundras have been identified, on the basis of epigraphic evidence, with the people of Bogra district in Northern Bengal. According to some scholars, there is a reference to Vangas in the Aitareya Aranyaka. But the identity of Vanga with Bengal has been questioned by many modern scholars.
There is, however, four clear references to the Vangas in the epics and the Dharmasutras. In the Bodhayana Dharmasutra there is reference to Aryavarta lying between the Himalayas and the western Vindhyas covering the riparian areas of the Ganges and the Jumna. This area was the most sacred of all. Next in sanctity was the regions covered by Malwa, East and South Bihar, South Kathiawar, the lower Indus Valley and the Deccan.
The outermost region which was outside the pale of the Vedic culture, hence not sacred, comprised Arattas of Southern Punjab and Sind, Vangas of Central and Eastern Bengal and the Kalingas of Orissa. The peoples of the first two regions referred to above has to undergo expiation if they would live in the places referred to in the last regions.
In the epics, however, the Vangas were no longer regarded as sacrileges and impure barbarians. In the Mahabharata Bhima is mentioned as making a whirlwind campaign in the land, later known as Bengal. After defeating and killing the King of Monghyr, Bhima attacked the King of Pundras who ruled over his Kingdom on the banks of the river Kosi.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Next he marched against the Kings of the Vangas and then brought to subjection the Kings of Tamralipti, Karvata and the rulers of Suhmas, the modern Hooghly district. There is also reference to Prasuhmas who are supposed to have lived in some regions in West Bengal in the neighbourhood of the Suhmas. In the Tirtha Yatra section of the Vanaparva of the epic there is mention of the sanctity of the river Kaiotoya which flowed past Mahasthangarh, i.e., Pundranagara in North Bengal.
In Jaina Acharanga-sutra the land of Ladha (Radha) in West Bengal has been described as a pathless country, inhabited by rude people who would set dogs on peaceful monks. In Jaina Upanga, however, the Ladhas and the Vangas have been classed as Aryans and latter have been mentioned as in possession of Tamalipti, i.e., Tamluk and the former in possession of Kotivarsha in the Dinajpur district. In Acharanga-sutra Ladha has been divided into Vajjabhumi and Subbha, i.e., Vajrabhumi and Suhma.
Reference to Suhma is found in the writings of the early Buddhist writers but not to Vanga. The first reference to Vanga in Buddhist literature is to be found in Milindapanha. References to Bengal as mentioned above lacked chronological arrangement.
During the historical period reference to a peoples by historians of Alexander is found in the name Gangaridai who as Pliny, Ptolemy and other classical writers mention as the people who occupied the country of the lower Ganges, and tributaries. Both the Jaina and Buddhist texts refer to the contemporaries of the Mauryas in Pundravardhana.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
That Pundravardhana existed during the Maurya period is also testified by a Brahmi inscription discovered at Mahasthangarh in Bogra district. The Chinese pilgrims who visited India in the post Maurya period noticed Asokan monuments in different parts of Bengal.
The Periplus, Ptolemy’s Geography, Milindapanha and Nagar junikonda inscriptions give us some details about Bengal during the early centuries of the Christian era. Ptolemy refers to the city of Ganges and distinguishes it from Tamalites, i.e., Tamralipti.
From the fourth century A.D. it was possible to reconstruct the history of Bengal and its administrative division with fair certainty on the basis of distinct chronology. Well-known divisions of Bengal such as Gauda, Vanga, Radha, of course, varied in extent during this period.
When Chandragupta I and Samudragupta were marching from victory to victory adding territory after territory to the Gupta Empire, Bengal was then divided into a number of independent kingdoms. In his campaign against Aryavarta, Samudragupta is known to have defeated Chandravarman and occupied western and southern Bengal.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
North Bengal was also under Samudragupta as is evident from an inscription of- Samudragupta in which Kamrupa is mentioned as c tributary state of Samudragupta on the northern border of his empire. Samatata (East Bengal was originally a tribute-paying kingdom of the Guptas, but later on it was included in the Gupta empire
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undiporadha gundda needha la
hattakoradha gunddanekala
ayyoayyo
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