Mitigation in nuclear disaster
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There is a lot of debate on installation of new nuclear power stations. There is a lot of opposition to setting up power plants. The main reason is the nuclear radioactive radiation that is harmful to both life and environment. Unfortunately the nuclear radiation seems to have long term effects, in addition to immediate impacts. But the use nuclear power is increasing world wide as the time passes. About 350 Giga Watts of power is produced by nuclear reactors all over the world. In India we have only about 5 Giga Watts of nuclear power. There are more than half a million people working in nuclear energy field or other industry. Hence, mitigation measures assume very high importance. Mitigation measures relate to prevention of disasters or to reduce the bad effects or impacts of a disaster.
The nuclear materials are used in military, medical, electric power, and some other industries. In many western countries, the nuclear safety has been better ensured by use of latest technology and continuous upgradation. It seems that there have been very few disasters in those countries. Nuclear safety measures are part of the mitigation measures.
Nuclear Regulatory commissions in various countries form guidelines for mitigation of impacts due to disasters and monitors them. International Atomic Energy Agency monitors the plants.
What are mitigation measures:
The mitigation measures could be in terms of reduction of loss of life, damage to property, consequential impact on future generations, radiation effects on various biological forms of life - on humans, animals, plants. Any action to prevent use of nuclear weapons in wars could also be part of the mitigation measures. Nuclear weapons nonproliferation community takes care of this.
However careful the design, installation, operation are done in nuclear reactors, there is a possibility of small mistakes. A nuclear reactor is the most sophisticated way of heating water to very hot steam. It uses the heat energy from a nuclear fission chain reaction. Some times unknown and unanticipated incidents occur like in Fukushima in Japan in 2011. Some fear also exists due to terrorism, if terrorists sabotage a reactor or cause disaster. As per record. there has been a major accident in each decade in the last 5 decades. There have been about 100 nuclear accidents small or big so far.
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The nuclear materials are used in military, medical, electric power, and some other industries. In many western countries, the nuclear safety has been better ensured by use of latest technology and continuous upgradation. It seems that there have been very few disasters in those countries. Nuclear safety measures are part of the mitigation measures.
Nuclear Regulatory commissions in various countries form guidelines for mitigation of impacts due to disasters and monitors them. International Atomic Energy Agency monitors the plants.
What are mitigation measures:
The mitigation measures could be in terms of reduction of loss of life, damage to property, consequential impact on future generations, radiation effects on various biological forms of life - on humans, animals, plants. Any action to prevent use of nuclear weapons in wars could also be part of the mitigation measures. Nuclear weapons nonproliferation community takes care of this.
However careful the design, installation, operation are done in nuclear reactors, there is a possibility of small mistakes. A nuclear reactor is the most sophisticated way of heating water to very hot steam. It uses the heat energy from a nuclear fission chain reaction. Some times unknown and unanticipated incidents occur like in Fukushima in Japan in 2011. Some fear also exists due to terrorism, if terrorists sabotage a reactor or cause disaster. As per record. there has been a major accident in each decade in the last 5 decades. There have been about 100 nuclear accidents small or big so far.
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when the life of a nuclear reaction/power plant is over, the plant is decommissioned. The cost of that operation is high. Both the reactor & the uranium enrichment facility in the plant are to be decommissioned so that the radiation levels are very low. Thus disaster mitigation is important in decommissioning.
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