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❑ How do we use radioactive isotopes to detect the leakage of underground pipelines?
❑ Why is the atomic mass of chlorine fractional?
❑ What are isobars? Give examples.
Answers
How do we use radioactive isotopes to detect the leakage of underground pipelines?
Leaks in underground pipelines can be detected by the injection of a radioactive isotope. This is achieved by adding a small amount of a radioisotope which is a source of beta radiation to the fluid.
Why is the atomic mass of chlorine fractional?
It has atomic number 17, chlorine have fractional atomic mass number because it has two isotopes having atomic mass number 35 and 37 in the ratio 3:1. This is because the atomic weight used in the periodic table and calculations is the average mass of its isotopes whose atomic masses are 34 and 35.
What are isobars? Give examples.
Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons) but have the same mass number.
For Example of a series of isobars would be ⁴⁰S, ⁴⁰Cl, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰K, and ⁴⁰Ca.
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Leaks in underground pipelines are detected by the injection of a radioactive isotope. This is achieved by adding a small amount of a radioisotope which is a source of beta radiation to the fluid. The area above ground where a high intensity of beta radiation is detects the point of leak source in the pipeline. This saves the time and the correct area is dug up.
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Chlorine have fractional atomic mass number because it has two isotopes having atomic mass number 35 and 37 in the ratio 3:1.
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Isobars are atoms (nuclides) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons.Some examples are : 40S, 40Cl, 40Ar, 40K, etc.
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