Most scholars agree that if a traveller’s period of stay in the destination town is more than four days he may not join and shorten prayers.
14. How many prayers are we going to pray in the mentioned period
Answers
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Living in the UK, USA, Canada, etc, Muslims are often faced with questions as to what constitutes a journey that entails shortening and combining prayers, and allows the obligatory fast to be broken. Sometimes, these questions arise because towns and cities have expanded such that there is no longer any countryside or open land between towns. Furthermore, many Muslims are unsure about the distance they must travel before they are considered travellers according to the Sharee’ah. These rulings also affect women since they are required by the Sharee’ah to travel along with a male chaperone (mahram) on their journeys. So let us begin by offering a summary of the rulings, followed by a more detailed discussion:
1. A journey is that wherein one intends to travel 80 kilometres (km) or more from their hometown. It makes no difference whether this travelling is by walking, cycling, riding, driving, aeroplane, or ship. It does not matter whether it is difficult or easy. (Ibn Bāz, Al-Fawzān).
2.The alternative to this view is the customary practice (Arabic: ‘urf) of a particular land as to what defines a journey. In some countries, the custom maybe less than 80 kilometres, whereas in other countries it may be much more than that. (Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn ‘Uthaimeen, Al-Albāni, Muwaffaqud-Deen Ibn Qudāmah) People of some lands regard travel out of the home-city to be a journey, and others see exiting the region to be a journey. The point being, that a journey is what the people call a journey, and regard it to be such. (Al-Albāni) This position neither fixes a distance nor a time period and is a strong position that is given a distinct heading at the end of this article.
3. In a country where the people differ over the custom (‘urf) that defines for them a journey, then one should stick to the limit of 80 kilometres which is proven by certain narrations and is the saying of a large body of scholars. (Ibn ‘Uthaimeen).
4. When one intends a journey of 80 kilometres or more, then they are considered travellers once they have left the buildings of their town behind them. This is known to people when they enter into open land or countryside and they see their town dwellings behind them. (Ibn Badrān Al-Hanbali).
5. The journey which allows one to shorten the prayer, combine it and break the fast is the journey that is permitted, and not one taken in order to commit sins or to disobey Allah. A journey wherein one intends to commit sins (drinking alcohol, robbery, fornication, etc) or bid’ah, then it is not allowed to shorten the prayers on such a journey. (Ibn Balbān Al-Hanbali, Al-Fawzān).
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