Name one heteroporous fern which contains an endophytic cyanobacterium
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Answer:
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azolla
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Introduction
There are many examples of plants, bacteria and algae that have formed intimate symbiotic associations or "marriages" with each other. Divorce is practically nonexistent in these marriages, and separations may result in the death of one or both partners. In some cases the relationship is decidedly one-sided, with only one partner actually benefiting. These relationships are often termed parasitic, especially when the non-benefiting partner is actually harmed by the relationship. In other marriages the relationship is mutually beneficial. Algae and fungi live together in an association called lichen, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria live symbiotically inside the root nodules of legumes. But one of the most fascinating of all plant marriages involves a tiny aquatic water fern (Azolla) and a microscopic filamentous blue-green alga or cyanobacterium (Anabaena azollae). They grow together at the surface of quiet streams and ponds throughout tropical and temperate regions of the world.
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Ponds along the San Dieguito River (San Diego County, California) are covered with a reddish carpet of Azolla filiculoides during the fall months. Photo also shows clump of cattails (Typha latifolia) and naturalized Australian Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The Eucalyptus trees were introduced into California near the turn of the century for fast-growing hardwood lumber for railroad ties, but proved inadequate because the spikes would not hold in the badly checked wood. Now these trees have literally taken over parts of San Diego County.
A pond along the San Dieguito River (San Diego County, California) covered with a reddish carpet of Azolla filiculoides. The bright green areas are masses of the filamentous green algae, Mougeotia and Spirogyra.