Name some of the animal hormones ?
Answers
Answer:
Protein/Peptide Hormones
These hormones consist of linked amino acids. The peptide hormones are synthesized and stored in advance in the secretory vesicles. They are found in the cell membrane of the receptors and are released from the parent cell through exocytosis. Their structure is that of a polypeptide chain which is a chain of amino acids which includes shorter polypeptide chains in their molecules, namely, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone which are synthesized in the brain and released into the bloodstream in the posterior pituitary gland.
This group also covers tiny proteins such as growth hormones that are synthesized by the pituitary and the large glycoproteins such as the FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) which is also synthesized by the pituitary. After being stored in the vesicles, a stimulus triggers a response causing it to release, for example, insulin is secreted due to high blood glucose levels. These hormones are insoluble in lipids and soluble in water. The receptors are found on the target’s cell surface as they can not permeate through the plasma membrane of the cells
Steroid Hormones
These hormones are derived from cholesterol, lipid-derived hormones. They are produced from precursors on demand and are released from the parent cell through simple diffusion. These hormones bind themselves to the proteins while being carried in the blood and generally have the target response of causing induction of the new protein production.
These hormones are the primary group of lipids hormones. They are usually alcohols or ketones chemically. For example, Estrogen and testosterone which are secreted by the female and male reproductive system respectively. These hormones are water-insoluble. They stay for a longer period of time in comparison to the peptide hormones as they are carried by transport proteins in the blood. Example: The hormone Cortisol. It has a half-life ranging from 60-90minutes.
Amino-acid derived Hormones
They are comparatively smaller molecules that are derived from tryptophan and tyrosine amino acids. The norepinephrine and epinephrine are produced by the thyroid gland. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland situated in the brain which is responsible to control the sleep cycle.
Female Hormone List
Some hormones present in the human body are considered to be female hormones although a few of them are produced naturally in a man’s body. However, the distinguishing factor of these hormones in different bodies is the role they play in the fertility of a woman and since they are more dominant in a female’s body. Listed below are female hormones:
Progesterone – These hormones assist in pregnancy, prepare the uterus lining for the fertilized egg and bring down the synthesis of estrogen post the stage of ovulation.
Estrogen – It plays a major role in puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause.
HCG(Human chorionic gonadotrophin)
Testosterone – Though it is considered to be a male hormone, it is similar to the amount of estrogen that is produced in men as a small amount of testosterone is also formed in women.
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