name some of the sources of the taxes in the Chola Kingdom
Answers
Answer:
During the Chola period also as in other periods the land revenue was the chief item of income. Ad hoc cesses were also levied. Forced and free labour was also extracted from workers which was a saving. The revenue was collected either by the local authorities or by royal servants.
The expenses which were incurred by the king were various but he made no distinction between private and public expenditure. The former consisted in maintaining the very large palace establishment and charity.
The latter comprised the salaries of public officials, public works etc. Irai generally meant tax. When some land was exempted from tax it was Iraiyili Nilam. Dandam was penalty or fine. Ayam, Kadamai and Kudimai meant tolls, duties and tenancy dues respectively but they were also indiscriminately used. The Brahmadayas and the Devadhanams were tax-free endowments. Normally tax was collected by the officials of the autonomous village.