Question

name the most numerous kind of leucocytes

Answer 1

Ans: Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, constituting 60-70% of the circulating leukocytes.

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Answer 2

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➡️There are five distinct classes of leukocytes (white blood cells) that coordinate to provide defence against infectious disease:

➡️Neutrophils

Most abundant type of white blood cell and the first responder to microbial infection

They are unable to renew their lysosomes and die after having phagocytosed a few pathogens (forms the majority of pus)

Analogy:  Standard police officer – quick to respond to the situation, but lacks special training or skills and so dies rapidly


➡️Eosinophils

Prominent at the sites of allergic reactions and parasitic infections (rare in blood but common at mucous membranes)

Do not phagocytose pathogens but instead release chemical products which perforate cell membranes

Consequently, they function as the primary response to large multicellular parasites (e.g. helminth infections)

Analogy:  Fumigator – specialised to deal with pests / parasites (e.g. helminths) by releasing chemical products


➡️Basophil

Basophils are chiefly responsible for initiating inflammatory responses by releasing the chemicals histamine and heparin

Functionally they are similar to mast cells, however they circulate in the bloodstream whereas mast cells are localised

Because they promote inflammation, they are common contributors to allergic responses

Analogy:  Fireman – the leukocyte involved when a region is inflamed (‘in flames’)


➡️Monocyte

Monocytes are the largest type of leukocyte and share phagocytosis duties with neutrophils

They are slower to respond than neutrophils but are longer lasting, as they can renew their lysosomes for continued digestion

Monocytes will differentiate into two types of cells in response to pathogenic infection – macrophages and dendritic cells

Macrophages will remain in the tissue and phagocytose, whereas dendritic cells present antigen fragments to lymphocytes

Analogy:  Riot police (macrophage) – slower to respond than standard police but better prepared and survives for longer

Analogy:  Signalman (dendritic cell) – identifies the pathogen and sends signals to the appropriate special forces (lymphocytes)


➡️Lymphocyte

Lymphocytes are responsible for the production of antibodies which target specific antigens present on pathogens

They are more common in the lymphatic system than blood and are slowest to respond (requiring antigen presentation)

Lymphocytes include B cells (which become antibody-secreting plasma cells) and T cells (which mediate B cell activity)

Lymphocytes are also involved in the destruction of virus-infected body cells (via cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells)

Analogy:  Special forces / superheroes – takes longest to mobilise but specially trained to target specific pathogens

➡️Prevalence of Leukocytes

The relative proportions of the different types of white blood cells are:
•Neutrophils (roughly 60 – 70%)
• Lymphocytes (roughly 20 – 30%)
• Monocytes (approximately 1 – 6%)
• Eosinophils (approximately 1 – 3%)
• Basophils (less than 1%)

➡️Mnemonic:  Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas


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