Question

name the parts where the digestion of tbe nutrients given below occur? starch protein fat?​

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, protiens and fats are digested in the intestine, where they are broken down into their basic units :-

Carbohydrates into sugars

Protiens into Amino acids

Fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 2

Answer:

The majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.

Explanation:

The teeth help in grinding and breaking the macromolecule into smaller pieces, saliva present in the mouth aids in this process.

STARCH

Starch is made up of Amylose and Amylopectin polymers. An enzyme present in the saliva called Salivary amylase (ptyalin), breaks the β-1,4 glycosidic bond and converts it into smaller units called maltose and dextrins. Only about 10-15% of digestion occurs in the mouth. These units are further pushed into the stomach. The stomach however just helps in churning the food into chyme. Not much digestion occurs here, as the enzyme salivary amylase is not active in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Once the starch reaches the lumen of the small intestine, the pancreas release pancreatic alpha-amylase which further hydrolyzes the β-1,4 glycosidic bond and breaks down dextrins into a shorter carbohydrate chain. The enterocyte cells of the small intestine consist of various brush border enzymes such as maltase, sucrose, isomaltase, etc which convert these oligosaccharides and dextrins into building blocks of starch called glucose, which is absorbed by the bloodstream and used as required.

PROTEIN

Protein is made up of amino acids. The digestion of the protein begins in the stomach, the enzyme pepsin along with the acidic conditions of the stomach helps the protein to unfold its 3D structure and breaks the long polypeptide chain into shorter chains of the polypeptide, Thereby, denaturing the protein. The stomach thoroughly churns it and the chyme is further allowed to enter the duodenum of the small intestine. The pancreas secretes enzymes like chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidases, and other proteases which get activated and breaks down the chains of the polypeptide into monomeric amino acids. These amino acids are absorbed in the bloodstream and undergo further downstream processes.

FATS

Fats are made of triglycerides. Lingual Lipases released by the salivary glands along with mastication breaks down the fats partially. These components are traveled down to the stomach. An enzyme present in the stomach called gastric lipases breaks it down further. This acidic chyme enters the small intestine and triggers CCK and Secretin hormone. CCK stimulates bile secretion as well as the pancreas to release pancreatic lipase. Bile salts help in the emulsification of these fat globules, pancreatic lipase then acts on it and further breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides.

CONCLUSION

Majorly the final digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine.

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