name the pegment which is necessary for phants to be autotroph
Answers
Chorophyll is the pigment which is necessary for plants to be autotroph ....
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Pigments:
Pigments are "molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (energies) of light and reflect all others."
Pigments are colored: the color we see is the net effect of all the light reflecting back at us.
Now, what do I mean by absorb?
Electrons in molecules can exist at specific energy levels. Normally they exist at the lowest possible energy level they can. However, if enough energy comes along to boost them into the next level, they can "absorb" that energy and occupy that higher level. This is what pigments do. The light they absorb contains' just the right amount' of energy necessary to push them into the next level. Any light that does not have enough or has too much energy can not be absorbed and is reflected.
The electron in the higher energy level, however, does not 'want' to stay there(i.e. it is unstable). It 'wants' to return to its normal lower energy level. In order to do this it must get rid or release the energy that has put it into the higher energy state to begin with. This can happen several different ways:
1) The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat.
2) Some of the extra energy can be lost as heat energy, while the rest is lost as light. This re-emission of light energy is called florescence.
3)The energy, but not the e- itself, can be passed onto another molecule. This is called resonance.
4)The energy and the e- can be transferred to another molecule.
Plant pigments usually utilize the last two of these reactions to convert the sun's energy into their own. When chlorophyll is isolated from the enzymes it is associated with, the second scenario can be seen to happen.
What should be the ideal pigment for chloroplasts?
A collection of pigments that would absorb all light and thus appear Black seems a logical choice... but in fact we know this is not true.. plants except for some of the red algae appear green or brown, not black. Why? a number of possible explanation occur...
IF plants had pigments that absorbed UV and x-rays this would mean that so much energy could be absorbed in light areas that electrons could be knocked off their orbitals and the molecule destroyed..
IF plants absorbed IR and radio waves, there would not be enough energy for electron transfer, just enough to warm up the molecule
Pigments that absorb in the visible region gain just enough energy to boost an electron to the next level...
However even in this region, not all visible wavelengths are abosrbed..there is some speculation that in the early competitive wars between photosynthetic bacteria [ and we mean early 3 BYA] , plants specialized so that some would absorb in the red, others green or blue. The survivors in the long run are the one with pigments that absorbed in the red/blue reflecting green.... at least on land.
What are these Pigment involved in Photosythesis?:
Chlorophyll a: This is the most abundant pigment in plants. Chlorophyll a absorbs light with wavelengths of 430nm(blue) and 662nm(red). It reflects green light strongly so it appears green to us. It contains a hydrophobic (fat soluble) phytol chain that allow it to be embedded in a lipid membrane. The rest of the structure called a tetrapyrrolic ring rests outside of the membrane . It is this part of the pigment that absorbs the energy from light. The metal at the center of the structure, Mg, can have variable oxidation states . This means that it can accept and donate e- readily depending of the situation. Its flexible, which is very important to the function of the molecule.
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