Geography, asked by Tanisha11111, 1 year ago

Name the types of soil, their occurrence, characteristics and the crops grown.

Answers

Answered by shreyatripathi
23
1. Alluvial soil= Largest and important soil of the group. Formed by the depositional work of rivers in river valley, deltas etc. Covers 24 percent of the total land surface. 3 important rivers ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra flows. It has two types, first is old alluvial soil bangar and new alluvial soil khadar. The soil is finally grained and is rich in potash, phosphoric acid, lime etc. It is suitable for cultivation of cerelas, pulses, oil seeds, sugar cane. Found in Plains of punjab, Deltas of Mahanadi, godavari, krishna, kaveri etc.

2. Black soil= Black in colour. Suitable for the growth of cotton and so is called black soil. Formed due to weathering of lava rocks in deccan pleatau. Rich in potash, magnesium, calcium and lime. Can hold water and becomes sticky when wet. Found in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karanataka, Gujarat etc.

3. Red and yellow soil= Formed by the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rock. Red colour of soil is due to presence of iron. Deficient in nitrogen, humus, phosphoric acid and lime. After adding fertiliser can be made suitable for cultivation of rice, pulses, tobacco etc. Becomes yellow when wet. Found in the parts of Tamil Nadu, Karanataka, Andhra Pradesh etc.

4. Laterite soil= Derived from latin word later. Develops in area with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Has lower fertility bit can be made cultivable by adding fertiliser. Found in Karnataka, M.P., Orissa and Assam. Suitable for cultivation of coffee and cashew.

5. Arid/ Desert soil= These soil range from red to brown in colour. Has low humus and nitrogen content because of dry village, high evaporation etc. The soil can be made cultivable by proper irrigation. The entire area which is to the west Aravali range in Rajasthan, southern districts of punjab and harayana and rann of kutchh in Gujarat have this soil.

6. Forest/ Mountainous soil= Found in hilly and Mountainous areas of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and eastern hilly regions. There is abundance of humus in the soil. In the snow covered region of himalaya soil has low humus. The soil is derived from deposit of organic matter of forest growth.

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