Name three elements included on the Alexander’s Empire map that help the reader understand it.
Answers
Explanation:
ών, Aléxandros III ho Makedȏn; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon[a] and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through western Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India.[1][2] He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.[3]
Alexander the Great
Basileus of Macedon
Hegemon of the Hellenic League
Shahanshah of Persia
Pharaoh of Egypt
Lord of Asia
Alexander the Great mosaic.jpg
Alexander Mosaic (c. 100 BC), ancient Roman floor mosaic from the House of the Faun in Pompeii showing Alexander fighting king Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Issus
King of Macedon
Reign
336–323 BC
Predecessor
Philip II
Successor
Alexander IV
Philip III
Hegemon of Hellenic League
Strategos autokrator of Greece
Reign
336 BC
Predecessor
Philip II
Pharaoh of Egypt
Reign
332–323 BC
Predecessor
Darius III
Successor
Alexander IV
Philip III
Royal titulary
King of Persia
Reign
330–323 BC
Predecessor
Darius III
Successor
Alexander IV
Philip III
Lord of Asia
Reign
331–323 BC
Predecessor
New office
Successor
Alexander IV
Philip III
Born
20 or 21 July 356 BC
Pella, Macedon, Ancient Greece
Died
10 or 11 June 323 BC (aged 32)
Babylon, Mesopotamia
Spouse
Roxana of Bactria
Stateira II of Persia
Parysatis II of Persia
Issue
Alexander IV
Heracles of Macedon (alleged illegitimate son)
Full name
Alexander III of Macedon
Greek
Μέγας Ἀλέξανδρος[d]
Mégas Aléxandros
lit. 'Great Alexander'
Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας
Aléxandros ho Mégas
lit. 'Alexander the Great'
Dynasty
Argead
Father
Philip II of Macedon
Mother
Olympias of Epirus
Religion
Greek polytheism
During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia.[4][5] In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years. Following the conquest of Anatolia, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety.[b] At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River.
Alexander endeavoured to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops, dying in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart, resulting in the establishment of several states ruled by the Diadochi, Alexander's surviving generals and heirs.
Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism which his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism. He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture in the east resulted in a new Hellenistic civilization, aspects of which were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century AD and the presence of Greek speakers in central and far eastern Anatolia until the Greek genocide by the Turks in the 1920s. Alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of Achilles, and he features prominently in the history and mythic traditions of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. He was undefeated in battle and became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves. Military academies throughout the world still teach his tactics.[6][c] He is often ranked among the most influential people in history.[7]