Question

Necessity is the mother of invention. When areas in and around Leh began to experience water shortages, life didn’t grind to a halt. Why? Because Chewang Norphel, a retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir came up with the idea of artificial glaciers. b. Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 meters above sea level, has a low average annual rainfall of 50 mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water. Agriculture is completely dependent on glacier melt, unlike the rest of river/monsoonfed India. But over the years, with increasing effects of climate change, rainfall and snowfall patterns have been changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the extreme winter conditions, the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season. c. It is located between the natural glacier above and the village below. The one closer to the village and lowest in altitude melts first, providing water during AprilMay, the crucial sowing season. Further, layer of ice above melt with the increasing temperature, thus ensuring continuous supply to the fields. Therefore, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead of one. It costs 1,50,000 and above to create a glacier. d. Fondly called the glacier man, Mr. Norphel has designed over 15 artificial glaciers in and around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his pioneering effort, he was conferred the Padma Shri by former President Pranab Mukherjee in 2015. e. There are a few basic steps followed while creating an artificial glacier. River or stream water at higher altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the hill, facing north, where the winter sun is blocked by a ridge or a mountain range. At the start of winter i.e. in November, the diverted water is made to flow on sloping hills facing distribution channels. Stone embankments are built at regular intervals which impede the flow of water, making shallow pools which freeze, forming a cascade of ice along the slope. Ice-formation continues for 3-4 months resulting in a large accumulation of ice which is referred to as an ‘artificial glacier’ On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the questions. 1. In the line ‘….. life didn’t grind to a halt’ the word ‘grind’ does not mean: a) To gradually stop all together b) To sharpen something by crushing c) To slow down 2. d) To lose momentum Ladakh has been facing water deficit ……. a) It is a desert b) Recent climate change has resulted in drought c) Ladakh has no glaciers 3. Ladakh has an annual rainfall rate of: a) 45 mm c) 40 mm d) There is no agricultural activity b) 21 mm d) 50 mm​

Answer 1

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