Question

NO-3 WRITE THE SHORT NOTES OF THE FOLLOWINGS(2x5)
1-Lithospheric plate ii- endogenic force iii-exogenic force iv-seismic waves v-plate
boundary​

Answer 1

•●○ AnsweR ○●•

Lithospheric plate

• Lithospheric is defined as outermost layer of crust where earth's structures and plates are situated.
• This are common called as Tectonic plate. These are the plates on the planet's outermost layer surface known as crust. In crust, There has 2 different layers - (i) Lithosphere and (ii) Upper Asthenosphere. Or in simple words, tectonic plates are the huge slabs which has divided in the lithosphere.
• The Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary is defined by difference in response to stress. The lithosphere remains rigid for very long periods of geological time ,in which it deforms elastically.
• Usually , tectonic plates has two types: 1 ) Oceanic Crust and 2 ) Continental Crust.
• This tectonic plates are comprising of 15 plates . They are :

1. Eurasian Plate
2. North-American Plate
3. African Plate
4. Pacific Plate
5. South American Plate
6. Antarctic Plate
7. Australian Plate
8. Nazca Plate
9. Indian Plate
10. Arabian Plate
11. Filipino Plate
12. Cocos Plate
13. Caribbean Plate
14. Scotia Plate
15. JuanDeFuca Plate

Endogenic Force

• Endogenic Forces or Endogenetic forces are the pressure that originates inside the earth, which are called internal forces.
• These forces lead to vertical and horizontal movement and result in subsidence, land upliftment, volcanism , faulting, folding and earthquake.

Exogenic Force

• Exogenic Forces or Exogenetic forces are the pressures that originates within the earth's atmosphere via through climates or gravity, which are called as external forces.
• The action of Exogenic forces results in wearing down of earth's surface , they are considered as land wearing forces, which includes: Weathering, mass wasting , erosion and deposition.
• This Exogenic forces creates denudation means stripp off or uncover ( that makes agenda of various weathering which makes changes in earth's surface)

Seismic Waves

• Seismic Waves are waves of energy that travel through earth's layers caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion (made by : volcano, earthquake, Human made bomb blast)
• This waves is recorded on seismographs. Study of seismic waves is also known as seismology.
• The seismic waves are divided into two main types of waves : 1 ) Body waves and 2 ) Surface waves.

Plate Boundaries

• The edges between the tectonic plates where they do forces are called plate boundaries.
• They are three types of plate boundaries

1. Convergent plate boundary
2. Transform plate boundary
3. Divergent plate boundary

•● Some More Facts ●•

⭐. The Movement of plates also known as tectonic plates. These movements began on the earth between 3.3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

⭐. How do they plates move ? – The heat made from the mantle makes the rock at the bottom of lithosphere slightly soft. This causes movement in plates.

⭐. As our Indian Plate is the only plate which formed the world's highest range - Himalayas , which collided with Eurasian Plate , at a velocity of 20cm per year. the collision uplift the Tethys Sea, about 50 million years ago , This himalayas rises and along with Plains of Tibet formed the Tibetan Plateau ( from plains to plateau ) .

Answer 2

The lithosphere is the solid shell of the planet Earth. That means the crust, plus the part of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on long time scales. Under the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, the weaker, hotter, and deeper part of the upper mantle.

Endogenic forces or endogenetic forces are the pressure that originates inside the earth, therefore also called internal forces. These internal forces lead to vertical and horizontal movements and result in subsidence, land upliftment, volcanism, faulting, folding, earthquakes, etc.

Exogenic (or exogenetic) factors are agents supplying energy for actions that are located at or near the earth's surface. Exogenic factors are usually driven by gravity or atmospheric forces. The term is commonly applied to various processes such as weathering, denudation, mass wasting, etc.

Seismic waves are waves that travel through or over Earth. They are usually generated by movements of the Earth's tectonic plates (earthquakes) but may also be caused by explosions, volcanoes and landslides. They can tell us much about the Earth's structure.