请用中文简短介绍冠状病毒
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Answer:
IN ENGLISH
On 11 and 12 January 2020, WHO received further detailed information from the National Health Commission about the outbreak.
WHO is reassured of the quality of the ongoing investigations and the response measures implemented in Wuhan, and the commitment to share information regularly.
The evidence is highly suggestive that the outbreak is associated with exposures in one seafood market in Wuhan. The market was closed on 1 January 2020. At this stage, there is no infection among healthcare workers, and no clear evidence of human to human transmission. The Chinese authorities continue their work of intensive surveillance and follow up measures, as well as further epidemiological investigations.
Among the 41 confirmed cases, there has been one death. This death occurred in a patient with serious underlying medical conditions.
China shared the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus on 12 January, which will be of great importance for other countries to use in developing specific diagnostic kits.
The cluster was initially reported on 31 December 2019, when the WHO China Country Office was informed. The Chinese authorities identified a new type of coronavirus (novel coronavirus, nCoV), which was isolated on 7 January 2020. Laboratory testing was conducted on all suspected cases identified through active case finding and retrospective review. Other respiratory pathogens such as influenza, avian influenza, adenovirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were ruled out as the cause.
According to information conveyed to WHO by Chinese authorities on 11 and 12 January, 41 cases with novel coronavirus infection have been preliminarily diagnosed in Wuhan City. Of the 41 cases reported, seven are severely ill. This is when the one death, mentioned above, was reported, in a patient with other underlying health conditions. Six patients have been discharged from hospital. Symptom onset of the 41 confirmed nCoV cases ranges from 8 December 2019 to 2 January 2020. No additional cases have been detected since 3 January 2020.
The clinical signs and symptoms reported are mainly fever, with a few cases having difficulty in breathing, and chest radiographs showing invasive pneumonic infiltrates in both lungs. National authorities report that patients have been isolated and are receiving treatment in Wuhan medical institutions.
According to the preliminary epidemiological investigation, most cases worked at or were handlers and frequent visitors to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. The government reports that there is no clear evidence that the virus passes easily from person to person.
Currently, no case with infection of this novel coronavirus has been reported elsewhere other than Wuhan.
Public Health Response
China's National Health Commission has deployed a group of experts to Wuhan City to support the local response.
National authorities have reported the following response measures:
A total of 763 close contacts including healthcare workers, have been identified and followed up and no additional cases of infection with the novel coronavirus have been identified;
The Wuhan Municipal Health Commission carried out active case finding, and retrospective investigations of the current cluster of patients have been completed
The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market has been temporarily closed to carry out environmental sanitation and disinfection;
Public risk communication activities have been carried out to improve public awareness and adoption of self-protection measures.
WHO is closely monitoring the situation and is in regular contact with national authorities in China to provide support required. Technical guidance on novel coronavirus has been developed and will continue to be updated as additional information is available.
WHO risk assessment
To date, investigations are still under way to assess the full extent of the outbreak.
Wuhan city is a major domestic and international transport hub. To date, there have been no reported cases outside of Wuhan City.
More comprehensive information and ongoing investigations are also required to better understand the epidemiology, clinical picture, source, modes of transmission, and extent of infection; as well as the countermeasures implemented.
WHO advice
Based on information provided by national authorities, WHO’s recommendations on public health measures and surveillance for novel coronaviruses apply.
WHO does not recommend any specific health measures for travellers. In case of symptoms suggestive of respiratory illness either during or after travel, travellers are encouraged to seek medical attention and share travel history with their healthcare provider. Travel guidance has been updated.
WHO advises against the application of any travel or trade restrictions on China based on the information currently available on this event.
Explanation:
冠狀病毒病（COVID-19）是由新發現的冠狀病毒引起的傳染病。
大多數感染了COVID-19病毒的人會遇到輕度至中度的呼吸道疾病，無需特殊治療即可康復。 老年人以及那些患有諸如心血管疾病，糖尿病，慢性呼吸道疾病和癌症等潛在醫療問題的人更容易患上嚴重疾病。
充分了解COVID-19病毒，其引起的疾病及其傳播方式，是預防和減慢傳播的最佳方法。 洗手或經常使用酒精擦拭，不要碰到臉，以保護自己和他人免受感染。
當被感染者咳嗽或打噴嚏時，COVID-19病毒主要通過唾液飛沫傳播或從鼻子排出，因此，您也應練習呼吸禮節（例如，咳嗽成屈肘）。
目前，尚無針對COVID-19的特定疫苗或治療方法。 但是，有許多正在進行的臨床試驗評估潛在的治療方法。 一旦獲得臨床發現，世衛組織將繼續提供最新信息。
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