Note : Answer any sevenquestions. Q. No. 32 is compulsory.
7x4
- (i) State Boyle's law.
(ii) Distinguish between ideal gas and real gas.
. (i) What is the role of the earth wire in domestic circuits ?
(1) List the merits of LED bulb.
5. (a) Write the IUPAC names and its structural formula for the following:
() CH,CH,OH (ii) CH,COOH
(b) Calculate the volume of ethanol in 200 ml solution of 20% V/V aqueoussolution of ethanol.
5. What are oxysomes ? Draw its structure.
(ii) What is photosynthesis ? Write the reaction for photosynthesis.
7. (1) Explain how locomotion take places in Leech.
(1) What are the medicinal values of Leech ?
3. What is Reflex action ? Explain the types of Reflex action.
2. A pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with pure dwarf plant (tt), what would be the F, and F, generatic
Explain
5. Define Ethnobotany and write its importance.
1. How are stem cells useful in regenerative process ?
2. An organic compound 'A' is widely used as a preservative and has the molecular formula C,H,O,
compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling compound 'B'.
(a) Identify the compounds 'A' and 'B'.
(b) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound 'B!
(c) Name the process.
PART - IV
Answers
Answer: ok..... this is a lot , but here is your answer
Explanation: 1. (i)Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. A modern statement of Boyle's law is:
The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.
equation:- P ∝ 1 V Pressure is inversely proportional to the volume
(ii) The gas which obeys this equation under all conditions of temperature and pressure is called an ideal gas.
The gas which does not obey this equation under all conditions of temperature and pressure is called real gases.
2.(i) Earth wire is connected to the body of the equipment,it gives protection to the personal working on it from electric shock. If any leakage current is there, body of the equipment gives shock, to prevent this earth wire is connected. Fuse or mcb (miniature circuit breaker), will protect the electrical equipment from over load and short circuit. If electrical equipment is over loaded due to some problem, or if it is short circuited, the fuse blows or mcb trips, and power to the equipment will be cut off.
(ii) Advantage
Energy efficient – LED’s are now capable of outputting 135 lumens/watt
Long Lifetime – 50,000 hours or more if properly engineered
Rugged – LED’s are also called “Solid State Lighting (SSL) as they are made of solid material with no filament or tube or bulb to break
No warm-up period – LED’s light instantly – in nanoseconds
Not affected by cold temperatures – LED’s “like” low temperatures and will startup even in subzero weather
Directional – With LED’s you can direct the light where you want it, thus no light is wasted
Excellent Color Rendering – LED’s do not wash out colors like other light sources such as fluorescents, making them perfect for displays and retail applications
Environmentally friendly – LED’s contain no mercury or other hazardous substances
Controllable – LED’s can be controlled for brightness and color
Disadvantage
Blue hazard: There is a concern that blue LEDs and cool-white LEDs are now capable of exceeding safe limits of the so-called blue-light hazard as defined in eye safety specifications such as ANSI/IESNA RP-27.1-05: Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamp and Lamp Systems.
Light quality: Most cool-white LEDs have spectra that differ significantly from a black body radiator like the sun or an incandescent light. The spike at 460 nm and dip at 500 nm can cause the color of objects to be perceived differently under cool-white LED illumination than sunlight or incandescent sources, due to metamerism, red surfaces being rendered particularly badly by typical phosphor-based cool-white LEDs. However, the color rendering properties of common fluorescent lamps are often inferior to what is now available in state-of-art white LEDs.
Blue pollution: Because cool-white LEDs (i.e., LEDs with high color temperature) emit proportionally more blue light than conventional outdoor light sources such as high-pressure sodium lamps, the strong wavelength dependence of Rayleigh scattering means that cool-white LEDs can cause more light pollution than other light sources. The International Dark-Sky Association discourages the use of white light sources with correlated color temperature above 3,000 K.
Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with the voltage above the threshold and a current below the rating. This can involve series resistors or current-regulated power supplies.
High initial price: LEDs are currently more expensive, price per lumen, on an initial capital cost basis, than most conventional lighting technologies. The additional expense partially stems from the relatively low lumen output and the drive circuitry and power supplies needed.
Area light source: LEDs do not approximate a “point source” of light, but rather a Lambertian distribution. So LEDs are difficult to use in applications requiring a spherical light field. LEDs are not capable of providing divergence below a few degrees. This is contrasted with lasers, which can produce beams with divergences of 0.2 degrees or less
3. (i) Oxysomes are the structures which are present on the surface of the folded Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria. They are also called f0-f1 particles or ATP synthase. They play the most important role in the formation of energy for the functioning of the cell.
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